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1、四级讲解作文快速阅读完形填空选词填空翻译2课件副本Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望四级作文专题四级作文专题WritingWriting四级作文专题四级作文专题四级作文专题四级作文专题WritingWriting1.1.历年真题作文综述历年真题作文综述2.2.作文考查要点总结作文考查要点总结3.3.作文写作思路作文写作思路4.4.写作模版及常用句型写作模版及常用句型5.5.经典范文学习经典范文学习WritingWriting1.历年四级真题作文综述历年四级真题作文综述时
2、间时间主题主题体裁体裁写作分类写作分类2005.01学生会主席学生会主席应用文应用文竞选词竞选词2005.06教师节教师节记述文记述文记事记事2006.06志愿者志愿者应用文应用文广告广告2006.12春晚春晚议论文议论文对立观点型对立观点型2007.06俱乐部俱乐部应用文应用文欢迎词欢迎词2007.12选修课选修课议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型2008.06娱乐活动娱乐活动议论文议论文对立观点型对立观点型2008.12 一次性塑料袋一次性塑料袋议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型WritingWriting时间时间主题主题体裁体裁写作分类写作分类2005.01捐助捐助应用文应用文广告广告200
3、5.06盗版盗版议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型2006.06出国旅游出国旅游图表作文图表作文现象解释型现象解释型2006.12过西方节日过西方节日议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型2007.06学雷锋学雷锋议论文议论文对立观点型对立观点型2007.12数字化产品数字化产品议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型2008.06电子图书电子图书议论文议论文对立观点型对立观点型2008.12 学生心理健康学生心理健康议论文议论文现象解释型现象解释型1.历年六级真题作文综述历年六级真题作文综述WritingWriting作文考查要点总结作文考查要点总结1.1.考查主题与日常生活(校园生活)息息相关,对社会考查
4、主题与日常生活(校园生活)息息相关,对社会热点问题也有涉及。热点问题也有涉及。2. 2. 写作类型比较广泛,有应用文、记述文和议论文,但写作类型比较广泛,有应用文、记述文和议论文,但以议论文为主。以议论文为主。3.3.主要考查学生的思辨能力与语言表达能力,即内容与主要考查学生的思辨能力与语言表达能力,即内容与语言。语言。WritingWriting3.作文写作思路作文写作思路1.1.审题审题2.2.提纲:把文章三段(开头、主体、结尾)的主提纲:把文章三段(开头、主体、结尾)的主题句写出,然后列出支撑句的要点题句写出,然后列出支撑句的要点3.3.文章写作文章写作4.4.修改(通读原文,检查语言错
5、误)修改(通读原文,检查语言错误)WritingWriting1.1.内容内容不跑题不跑题即可,注意:即可,注意:1.1.不要妄图以情动人不要妄图以情动人; ; 2. 2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。 2.2.结结构构上上牢牢记记总总分分总总:先先写写主主题题句句(Topic (Topic Sentence)Sentence),再再写写分论点,最后写总结句分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)(Conclusion)。 3.3.写完之后写完之后修改修改注意:注意:( (内容方面尽量不要修改内容方面尽量不要修改) ) 1 1、字母大小写、字母大小写 2 2、标点符号
6、、标点符号 3 3、单词拼写、单词拼写 4 4、主谓一致、主谓一致 5 5、动词时态、动词时态 6 6、名词单复数、名词单复数WritingWriting题目:Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China提纲:(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及 (2)和汽车的比较 (3)自行车在中国的前途 范文讲解范文讲解WritingWriting Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the
7、 rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”. 分析:1. 第一句总写,第二句和第三句分写,最后总写。 2. During the rush hour 介词结构开头。 3. 破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。 WritingWriting Compared with cars, bicycles
8、are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes,
9、 it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents. 分析:1. Compared with cars 分词结构开头。 2. be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于 3. first, second, third 英语语言有层次感,信号词 4. cheap 便宜,最好用inexpensive 5. be good for health 对健康有好处(万能理由) 6. Moreover 表示递进 WritingWr
10、iting In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time. 注:promising 有前途的 a promising youn
11、g man WritingWriting文章开头写法文章开头写法1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is tru
12、e . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I prefer the latter/the former .) 3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed /held / acknowledged that . They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. WritingWriting1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g 1. Recently
13、the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention) 3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and
14、 bitter truth we have to learn to face now /constantly. WritingWriting1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g: 1. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning /coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that. 2. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.Now people become in
15、creasingly aware/conscious of the importance of . 3. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.WritingWriting1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: 1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . Educatio
16、n is not complete with graduation. Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 2. How often we hear such statements/words like those /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complaints as this . WritingWriting1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去
17、,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: 1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . . 2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new idea.WritingWriting1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: 1. Once in (a n
18、ewspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of . has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significanc
19、e now.WritingWriting1-7 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others . But in my opinion , . .WritingWriting引出不同观点引出不同观点:1.Peoples views on. vary from person to person. Some hold that. . However, others believe that.人们对.的观点因人而异.有些人认为.然而其他人却认为2
20、.People may have different opinions on.人们对.可能会有不同的见解.3.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.4.There are different opinions among people as to.关于. 人们的观点大不相同.5.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同. WritingWriting给出原因给出原因:1.This phenom
21、enon exists for a number of reasons. First, . Second, . Third, .这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, . 第二, . 第三, .2.Why did. ? For one thing. For another. Perhaps the primary reason is.为什么会.? 一个原因是. 令一个原因是.或许其主要原因是.3.I quite agree with the statement that. The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即.,其主要原因如下:Writin
22、gWriting1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that.2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that.3.Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that.4.There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as
23、 well as merits.5.All in all, we cannot live without. But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.结尾部分结尾部分WritingWriting 首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统统一一性性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干拓展句(拓展手段:运用列列举
24、举分分类类、细细节节说说明明、比比较较对对照照、正正反反论论证证等手段),使主题思想得到充分展开,从 而 给 读 者 一 个 完 整 的 感 觉 , 这 就 是 完完 整整 性性(completenessoradequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。WritingWriting连贯性(连贯性(coherence) 连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间
25、就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。意连意连段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。WritingWritingA.按时间先后排列(按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)B. 按位置远近排列(按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement) C. 按逻辑关系排列(按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement) a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importan
26、ce) b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement) c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement) WritingWriting有损连贯性的几种情况:有损连贯性的几种情况:考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:1)不必要的改变时态,比如:In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes ref
27、uge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway. WritingWriting2)不必要的改变单复数)不必要的改变单复数,比如:Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of p
28、leasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.WritingWriting3)不必要的改变人称,比如:Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their childrens activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the famil
29、y. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.WritingWriting英语四级写作六种常用经典句型英语四级写作六
30、种常用经典句型WritingWriting1)主语从句主语从句 1.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy. 2.It is well-known that 3.It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that 4.It goes without saying that It is universally acknowledged thatWritingWriting2)宾(表)语从句)宾(表)语从句1.We cannot understand why he
31、was so cruel to his roommates.2.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.WritingWriting3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)1.As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ describedin the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table,2.There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.3.It is est
32、imated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.WritingWriting4)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)1.When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.2.Whatever the reason, there ar
33、e still some problems with student use of computers.WritingWriting5)倒装句)倒装句Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.WritingWritingSome measures should be take
34、n to deal with the problem.He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.Many people believe that(It is believed that)6)被动句)被动句WritingWritingDirections: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outlin
35、e given below. Your composition should be at least 150 words. Outline: 1、有人赞成个人买车。 2、也有人持相反观点。 3、你的看法。 Should People Own Cars or Not? WritingWriting There is no denying the fact that it has been a hotly debated topic in China whether people should have their own cars. Peoples opinions differ sharply
36、 on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that the car provides the most convenient form of transportation. Besides, a car is a comfortable way to travel, especially in winter. Finally, a driver is usually safe in his car when he is out at night. Others, however, hold the opposite view.
37、They say that there are many disadvantages to owning a car. For one thing, it can be very expensive to purchase and run a car. For another, owning a car can also cause worry andstress. WritingWritingIt is exhausting to drive a car in heavy traffic. What is worse, cars are responsible for most of the
38、 smog in cities, which pollutes the environment seriously. In spite of all the above mentioned, I still favor owning a car. The reason is that the car gives a person the freedom to schedule his own time. Though we are confronted with a problem of energy crisis, I am sure that the real solution will
39、have to be a new kind of car, one that uses cheap, efficient fuel and does not contaminate the air. WritingWritingDirections: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Internet A Two-edged Sword. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the out
40、line given in Chinese below: 1、Internet的功绩。 2、Internet的弊端。 3、结论。 Internet A Two-edged Sword WritingWriting Internet is playing an increasingly important role in peoples life. As a newborn information delivering system, the Internet has made seas of information available at our fingers tips. Besides,
41、 the Internet serves as the most convenient means for communication. Through the Internet, people can discuss various problems and make friends who share common views. WritingWriting But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks which should not be neglected. First, it costs an al
42、arming amount of money to construct the system and the cost is very high to most Chinese consumers. Second, it is sometimes difficult for people to find the right information they are looking for since there is too much rubbish on the net. Finally, it is also difficult to prevent the net from the in
43、vasion of criminals. WritingWriting Therefore, the Internet should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both conveniences and troubles. But we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy, as I see it, is to further develop the net and exert proper supervision ove
44、r it so that it can benefit us in a better way. WritingWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Water Shortage. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below: 1. Water shortage is becoming an urgen
45、t problem 2. Possible solutions Water Shortage WritingWriting No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected peoples daily life and hindered the development
46、 of the global economy. WritingWriting A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause
47、of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. Whats worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation. WritingWritingIn view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is esse
48、ntial that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future. WritingWriting评分标准及注意事项评分标准及注意事项切题:围绕该段所给的中心句(提纲)来写相关内容。语言:语言最重要,往往使
49、评分产生重大差异,语言要模仿和包装。 连贯:运用列举法,使段落结构清晰;要避免使用一些过于熟悉的词汇和短语;参考范文。临场写作技巧:黄金三原则翻译提纲句作为中心句,放在段首;确定主体段落,主体段落要列举和分类,并运用连接词;加入醒目、吸引评卷人眼球的细节信息,句子要正确、出彩。WritingWriting1.1.写作,每天写一个写作,每天写一个30-5030-50个字的小句子,小段落,个字的小句子,小段落,想写什么就写什么。想写什么就写什么。2.2.多读范文,记下重要写作内容、背诵一些模版句多读范文,记下重要写作内容、背诵一些模版句型和高分词汇。型和高分词汇。 备考建议备考建议Readingc
50、omprehension(此节可结合在课堂进行试卷的阅(此节可结合在课堂进行试卷的阅读练习)读练习)题型SkimmingandScanningDepthinreading选择题型的篇章阅读理解选择题型的篇章阅读理解词汇理解词汇理解错误的复习方式:错误的复习方式:1.盲目做题盲目做题2.精读太少,泛读太多精读太少,泛读太多3.盲目背单词盲目背单词4.不知如何做记号不知如何做记号5.文章读的太细,文章读的太细,题目匆匆做过题目匆匆做过正确的复习方式:正确的复习方式:1.真题精读法真题精读法2.快速多变复习单词快速多变复习单词3.定量,定范围阅读定量,定范围阅读两报四刊:两报四刊:ChinaDail
51、yWorldEconomy/BusinessCultureOpinion21stCenturyEconomistU.SNewsandWorldReportScienceNaturewww.NewY阅读理解来源体裁说明文议论文 (经济学,教育学,心理学,传播学,自然新趋势:文学评论,英美概况,英语语言学理论Requirement for Skimming and ScanningFluencyAccuracy15min.1100words解题步骤1.看大标题,小标题2.确定题眼3.定位该题在哪部分被提及4.阅读相关部分内容,准确定位信息快速阅读(SkimmingandScanning)的命题点命
52、题点1: 与数字有关的细节 The earthquake that happened on July 28,1976 caused many deaths because reserchers of .命题点2. 与地点或人物有关的细节 Josephs experiment demonstrates that cells of different types cannot grow together.命题点3:与因果有关的细节 because, reason, due to, since, as a result ofCanadian culture doesnt have unacknowl
53、edged taboos because Canada is a liberal and open-minded country.命题命题4.与目的,方式有关与目的,方式有关命题命题5,与比较关系有关与比较关系有关命题命题6,与时间顺序有关与时间顺序有关命题点4,5,6The John Company was established in order to enhance European trade.In China, there are more suicide cases in urban areas than in rural areas.Consumers should send t
54、heir credit card only after checking the securty notice.考题中的生词帮助定位出题有顺序性CET 4 & CET 6cloze大纲要求大纲要求一般题型一般题型答题步骤答题步骤解题技巧解题技巧真题解析真题解析大纲要求大纲要求完形填空也称综合填空,是英语测试的传统组成部分之一。大学英语考试大纲规定:完形填空部分的目的是测试考生对篇章的理解能力;测试考生对语法结构的理解和综合运用能力,共20题,考试时间15分钟。在一篇题材熟悉,难度适中的短文(约200词)中留有20个空白,每个空白为一题,每题有四个选择项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最
55、佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。BACK完形填空的题型1、词义辨析题这种题型约占总量的40%-50%,四个选择项要么拼写类似,要么意思相近但又略有区别,或者意思相同但用法不同,或者干脆就是意思相反的反义词。对于这种题型,学生要有扎实的词汇基础,掌握单词词组在意义和用法上的区别,另外还应学会从上下文中寻找提示信息。完形填空的题型2、逻辑推理题这种题型约占总量的15%-20%。英语文章中的逻辑关系主要包括原因、结果、条件、目的、对比、比较、所属、指代、列举、让步、选择、承接(时间、动作行为的先后顺序)、举例等。对于这种题型,首先要通读全文,了解文章的主旨大意,对文章的结构有个大体的掌握,弄清句
56、子与句子之间、段落与段落之间以及各部分之间的逻辑关系。这样再根据题目要求来确定上下文到底属于何种逻辑关系,以确定正确答案。由此可见做这种题的关键是要从整体上理解上下文的逻辑关系。完形填空的题型3、语法结构题这种题型约占总量的20%。基本的语法、句型和短语结构是完形填空测试的重要组成部分。这种题型要求学生语法知识掌握扎实,并有较大的词汇量,对一些固定句型要平时注意积累,掌握其用法,对于较长较复杂的句子,要会分析其成分,这样做题时才能得心应手。完形填空的题型4、习惯用法和固定词组搭配题这种题型和下面的介词搭配合起来约占总量的20%-25%。习惯用法固定搭配是语言在长期发展和演变过程中形成的固定词组
57、,是完形填空测试的重点之一。对于该种题型,只有靠平时学习的认真积累,做题时才能得心应手。大家可以把这种题型和词汇题综合起来掌握。完形填空的题型5、介词搭配题英语中介词数量不大,但其含义丰富,用法复杂。要掌握介词的搭配,首先要掌握其基本含义和基本用法。然后逐渐体会动词与介词、名词与介词、形容词与介词之间的搭配规律。当然,对于介词构成的成语,要注意积累,反复练习直到能熟练掌握和运用。BACK完形填空的答题步骤1、浏览全文,了解大意在开始选择答案之前,应先用二三分钟的时间,通读全文,了解文章的主旨、结构以及作者的思路,理解上下文的逻辑关系。由于时间有限,在浏览时要学会寻找文章的主题句,尤其是文章各段
58、的第一句要认真研读,掌握文章的整体结构,避免产生片面理解的错误。另外在浏览的时候,也可把一些自己确定的题目,如固定搭配,介词、冠词用法的题先选择出来。完形填空的答题步骤2、仔细研读,做出选择在掌握了文章主旨大意和行文结构后,就可以边研读边选择答案了。选择答案时,可采取直接法和排除法两种途径。所谓直接法就是凭借语感,直接选择一个意义和结构都正确的答案而不必考虑其他选择项,适用于水平较高的学生,或者选择的答案是考生熟悉的固定搭配等。排除法是指当大家遇到那些不太容易确定的题目时,可将选择项一一代入空格处,然后从语义、语法、语境(即上下文逻辑关系)和固定搭配等各个角度考虑,逐一排除,最后筛选出正确答案
59、。采用排除法,答题的正确率较高,但比较费时。因此,具体采用哪种方法,要根据自己的语言水平和具体题目而定,当然最好是将两种方法结合起来,这样既节省时间同时正确率又高。完形填空的答题步骤3、搜寻信息,前后照应 文章是一个有机的整体,而且完形填空的文章其结构都非常严谨,在通读全文时,大家不可能也没有必要顾及所有细节,而且在选择答案时,很容易犯片面理解的错误。所以在阅读文章和选择答案的同时,要注意前后照应,加深对文章的理解,搜寻信息时,要及时更正前面选错的答案,因为有时要选的答案恰恰就出现在下文里面。完形填空的答题步骤4、重读全文,确认答案所有问题都答完后,大家还应把全文加上你所选的答案,从头至尾再读
60、一遍,从语义、语法和语境等角度,结合自己的语法和文化背景知识,确认自己的答案,筛选出可能出现的错误。BACK完形填空的解题技巧1.利用文章中心主题句解题方法-利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。为给学生理解文章奠定基础,使学生更易于理解文章内容,出题者在设计完形填空试题时,总是保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子。大家知道,文章的开头很重要,往往开宗明义点出文章主题。因此,整篇文章的提示句往往在开头。考生应充分利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索。完形填空的解题技巧2.分析认识文章结构,理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。只有明白文章结构,了解各段落之间
61、的关系,才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的,也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容,因此就更容易选准答案了。这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识,这对于理解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。完形填空的解题技巧表示列举的连词:first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for a
62、nother thing;to begin with, to conclude 表示原因的连词:because, since, as, now that 表示结果的连词:so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 完形填空的解题技巧表示让步和转折的连词:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever 表示对照的连词:on the
63、contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 完形填空的解题技巧表示补充的连词:also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 表示时间顺序的连词:when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once完形填
64、空的解题技巧表示目的的连词:that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词:if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)完形填空的解题技巧3.利用上下文寻找解题信息由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个
65、空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。完形填空的解题技巧4.运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识及搭配关系解题方法做题时应注意文章中的搭配:逻辑搭配:包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否定等;语义搭配:包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词;结构搭配:指名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的搭配;惯用搭配:即通常
66、所说的固定短语。完形填空的解题技巧5.运用排除法解题方法如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,从而缩小选择的范围,提高答题准确率。这种情况有以下几种:从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容是否与上下文一致,从而排除一些备选答案,缩小选择范围;分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系,从而排除一些选项;弄清楚该题的句法关系,分析一下它是简单句、并列句,还是复合句;判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分,应是什么词性,并分析备选答案之间的异同,从而排除干扰项选出正确答案。完形填空的解题技巧6. 运用背景知识和社会常识解题方法解答完形填空题时,有
67、时文章中提供的信息还不够,还需要考生把符合常识的一些知识信息结合起来考虑,最后选出符合常识的最佳答案。因此,考生的知识范围越广,对文章的理解就越容易,整体上知道所选短文在说什么,那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。BACK真题解析Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. The
68、n mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 61 go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 62 you money or can add 63 the cost. Take the 64 example of a hairdrye
69、r. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 65 that you are making the 66 buy if you choose one 67 look you like and which is also the cheapest 68 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 69 twice as long as a more expensive 70 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost
70、of your time could well 71 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you 72 when you go out shopping? If you 73 your home, your car or any valuable 74 in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long 75 . Before you buy a new 76 , talk to someone who owns one.
71、If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 77 . Before you buy an expensive 78 , or a service, do check the price and 79 is on offer. If possible, choose 80 three items or three estimates.真题解析61. A) form B) fashion C) way D) method62. A) save B) preserve C) raise D) return63.
72、A) up B) to C) in D) on64. A) easy B) single C) simple D) similar65. A) convince B) accept C) examine D) think66. A) proper B) best C) reasonable D) most67. A) its B) which C) whose D) what68. A) for B) with C) in D) on69. A) spends B) takes C) lasts D) consumes70. A) mode B) copy C) sample D) model
73、真题解析71. A) cause B) make C) leave D) prove72. A) adopt B) lay C) stick D) adapt73. A) reserve B) decorate C) store D) keep74. A) products B) possession C) material D) ownership75. A) run B) interval C) period D) time76. A) appliance B) equipment C) utility D) facility77. A) function B) purpose C) go
74、al D) task78. A) component B) element C) item D) particle79. A) what B) which C) that D) this80. A) of B) in C) by D) from真题解析61【答案解析】C。本题主要考察way和method的辨别。前者指做什么事情的“方法,方式”,而后者主要指具体的解决什么问题的“方法”。62【答案解析】A。Save money表示省钱。Preserve表示“保存,保持”;raise money 可以搭配使用,但意思是“筹集钱”;retain表示“保留,保持”,但不和money连用。63【答案解析
75、】B。Add to是固定搭配,表示“增加”。64【答案解析】C。Simple example是形容词和名词的搭配,意思是“简单的例子”。65【答案解析】D。Think后面加上宾语从句,由that引导。其他几个词没有这个用法。66【答案解析】B。Best buy为一固定搭配,意思是“最明智的购买(决定)”。67【答案解析】C。此处需要一个定语从句来修饰one,而这个定语从句的引导词还需要作从句的主语,所以只有表示所有关系的代词whose合适。68【答案解析】C。In在本句话中表示“在方面”。69【答案解析】B。本题考察动词的意思区分。如果表示做什么事情花多少时间,应该用take。Spend通常用
76、在sb. spends money/time doing sth.句型中。70【答案解析】D。Model表示“型号,款式”,指代前面提到的吹风机。真题解析71【答案解析】B。Make sth. adj.表示“使什么东西变成什么样”,而cause 用在cause sth. to become的结构中。72【答案解析】A。本题考察动词和名词principles的搭配。很明显,只有adopt合适,表示“采用什么原则”。Stick是不及物动词,只有加to后面才能跟宾语。73【答案解析】D。Keepin excellent condition表示“保持,使处于最佳状态”。74【答案解析】B。从上文的ho
77、me, car可以看出这些都是“财产”,所以用possession契合题义。75【答案解析】A。In the long run为一固定搭配,意思是“从长远来说,从长期看”。76【答案解析】A。Appliance表示“用具,器具”,常用的搭配是electrical appliances电器,home appliances家用电器。Equipment是不可数名词,前面不能加a。77【答案解析】B。与suit能够搭配的只有purpose,表示“适合目的,需要”。78【答案解析】C。我们通常把goods和services放在一起,表示“商品和服务”。本题中和goods同义的词是item。79【答案解析
78、】A。此处需要一个名词性从句作check的宾语,而能够引导名词性从句的只有what。80【答案解析】D。Choose from表示“从中挑选”。BACK四级选词填空题 banked cloze (CET4) 一:测试目的 二:测试形式 三:基本要求 四:答题步骤 五:各步骤解题技巧六:真题解析一一:测试目的 篇章词汇理解(选词填空)是大学英语新四级考试的篇章词汇理解(选词填空)是大学英语新四级考试的新题型,由于取消了以往词汇和结构的四选一的题目,新题型,由于取消了以往词汇和结构的四选一的题目,大学英语四六级考试委员会为了更好的测试考生掌握大学英语四六级考试委员会为了更好的测试考生掌握词汇的情况
79、,所以出现了新四级的选词填空题。这种词汇的情况,所以出现了新四级的选词填空题。这种题型事实上也是完形填空的一种,目的在于考查对上题型事实上也是完形填空的一种,目的在于考查对上下文的理解和词汇的应用能力。以前的词汇题是以单下文的理解和词汇的应用能力。以前的词汇题是以单句的形式考查考生,而新四级是以篇章的形式考查考句的形式考查考生,而新四级是以篇章的形式考查考生对词汇的理解。也就是说,以前的词汇题考生可以生对词汇的理解。也就是说,以前的词汇题考生可以通过备考期间的题海战术得到高分,现在的选词填空通过备考期间的题海战术得到高分,现在的选词填空题应该说用短时间的题海战术是很难得高分的。但是,题应该说用
80、短时间的题海战术是很难得高分的。但是,在新四级的试卷中,词汇理解题目只占整个试卷在新四级的试卷中,词汇理解题目只占整个试卷710分分中的中的35分,可以说并不是考试的重点。分,可以说并不是考试的重点。二二:测试形式选词填空题占整个考试的分值比例为选词填空题占整个考试的分值比例为5(35分分/710分)。一篇阅读文章,题材无非社会、科普之分)。一篇阅读文章,题材无非社会、科普之类,长度在类,长度在250词左右,题目为词左右,题目为10道选词填空题,道选词填空题,要求从给出的要求从给出的15个词中选择个词中选择10个填入合适的空档中。个填入合适的空档中。对于四级的一般文章,选项有如下特点:对于四级
81、的一般文章,选项有如下特点:15个单词个单词中中3个名词正确答案个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、个名词干扰答案、3个动词正个动词正确答案确答案+1个动词干扰答案、个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案个副词正确答案+1个副词干个副词干扰答案。应该说四级大部分文章都存在以上特点,扰答案。应该说四级大部分文章都存在以上特点,但是有时也不完全一致,希望考生利用以上特点作但是有时也不完全一致,希望考生利用以上特点作为答题的一个参考。为答题的一个参考。三三:基本要求 1.篇章词汇理解题考查的对象皆为实义词,主要包篇章词汇理解题考查的对
82、象皆为实义词,主要包括刚才讲的名词、动词、形容词、副词,所以要求括刚才讲的名词、动词、形容词、副词,所以要求考生应该熟知大学英语考生应该熟知大学英语四级的积极词汇四级的积极词汇,熟知单词,熟知单词的词类和不同意思。的词类和不同意思。2.词汇理解题目顾名思义是要理解,也就是要求考词汇理解题目顾名思义是要理解,也就是要求考生对生对上下文的理解上下文的理解,尤其是上文的理解,要求比较,尤其是上文的理解,要求比较高。高。3.由于考试的形式是选词填空,所以考生必须熟知由于考试的形式是选词填空,所以考生必须熟知一些一些基本的语法知识基本的语法知识,例如:词性的归纳(,例如:词性的归纳(4种词种词性,名词、
83、动词、形容词、副词)、基于语法的判性,名词、动词、形容词、副词)、基于语法的判断(单复数、断(单复数、ing形式等)、常用搭配的掌握都有助形式等)、常用搭配的掌握都有助于解题。于解题。四:答题步骤 第一步:通读全文,定中心第一步:通读全文,定中心。第二步:详读选项,词分类第二步:详读选项,词分类。第三步:瞻前顾后,灵活选第三步:瞻前顾后,灵活选。第四步:复核检查,定结果第四步:复核检查,定结果。五:选词填空各步骤解题技巧第一步:通读全文第一步:通读全文readthrough(1分钟分钟)注意这里我没有用略读注意这里我没有用略读skim这个词。通读全文是用这个词。通读全文是用较快速度,一行一行地
84、读,目的是把握至少较快速度,一行一行地读,目的是把握至少90%的的文章内容。而略读是只挑首尾句和连接词,跳着读,文章内容。而略读是只挑首尾句和连接词,跳着读,只了解只了解10%的内容。和完型不同,选词填空后面的的内容。和完型不同,选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联,词性也不同,而且还有选项词义互不关联,词性也不同,而且还有5个干个干扰项,切不可先看选项,乱了脑子,自食先入为主扰项,切不可先看选项,乱了脑子,自食先入为主的恶果。一定要先了解文章大意,带着文章脉络去的恶果。一定要先了解文章大意,带着文章脉络去找选项。所以,务必先沉着地把文章读一遍,尤其找选项。所以,务必先沉着地把文章读一遍,尤其注意注
85、意gap前后的位置,为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。前后的位置,为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。提醒:就算是通读,也别拿来就把头埋进去傻读。提醒:就算是通读,也别拿来就把头埋进去傻读。先居高临下,花先居高临下,花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。比如样题的各段是这样开头的:一遍。比如样题的各段是这样开头的: When Roberto Feliz came to the USA Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him Today, he is a _ doctor, run his own cli
86、nic Robertos story is just one of _ success stories.一眼就能看出短文的主要内容:一眼就能看出短文的主要内容:Roberto这大哥开这大哥开始不行,随着时间的推移(始不行,随着时间的推移(WhenThenToday)后来在别人帮助下成功)后来在别人帮助下成功(successstories)了。心里有了底,再读文章就轻松多了。了。心里有了底,再读文章就轻松多了。提醒:提醒:Bankedcloze的短文第一句是不允许出题的短文第一句是不允许出题的,它对全文起概括、提示的作用。所以,一定要的,它对全文起概括、提示的作用。所以,一定要认真看懂第一句。认
87、真看懂第一句。第二步:整理选项第二步:整理选项classifytheoptions(1分钟分钟)这一步,公认的做法是先标出这一步,公认的做法是先标出15个选项的词性个选项的词性,名词前写,名词前写n,动词前写动词前写v等等。目前四级考试只考实词中的四种:名词等等。目前四级考试只考实词中的四种:名词n做做主语和宾语主语和宾语,动词动词v做谓语,形容词做谓语,形容词adj做定语,副词做定语,副词adv做状做状语。不考代词语。不考代词pron和数词和数词num;也不考虚词(冠词;也不考虚词(冠词,介词介词,连连词词,感叹词)。感叹词)。四种实词中,考的最少的是副词四种实词中,考的最少的是副词adv,
88、不超过两个空。剩下的不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。研究样题和真题,我们发现,动词一三种平均每次有三道题。研究样题和真题,我们发现,动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性,有两个的,也有四个的。直是考三个。另外三种词性,有两个的,也有四个的。标词性时的切入点是后缀标词性时的切入点是后缀suffix,也就是词尾。大家应该知道,也就是词尾。大家应该知道,以以ion,age,ness,ty,ship,ace,ance,ancy,ence,ency,dom,itude,um,mony结尾的大都是名词;以结尾的大都是名词;以ize,ise,fy结结尾的大都是动词;以尾的大都是动词;以ive,ent,a
89、nt,ful,ous,able,ary,ic,cal,less结尾的是大都是形容词;以结尾的是大都是形容词;以ly,s,ways,wise结尾的大都结尾的大都是副词。是副词。这里有两个问题:这里有两个问题:一,有的词,做名词和做动词都很常见,没有上下一,有的词,做名词和做动词都很常见,没有上下文不好判断,比如文不好判断,比如display, concern, challenge. 这时这时两个都要标出来,先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。两个都要标出来,先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。二,以ing, ed 结尾的词既可能是动词,也可能是分词转变而来的形容词,如holding做动词:Shes hold
90、ing her mothers hand. 做形容词:holding company (控股公司);再如样题中的acquired做动词:academic skills he acquired. 做形容词:a newly acquired jacket (新买的夹克)。 这时怎么办?很简单,新四级考试中的banked cloze 还没有到考到分词作形容词的难度,所以,碰到这种情况,一律看成是动词,包括非谓语动词(2006年6月真题:The rainfall is increased across South America, bringing floods to Peru.)对于大学英语四级篇章
91、词汇理解试题来说,最关键的一个步对于大学英语四级篇章词汇理解试题来说,最关键的一个步骤就是词性分类,即将试卷中给出的骤就是词性分类,即将试卷中给出的15个单词,按照名词、个单词,按照名词、动词、形容词、副词的顺序进行分类。这样做考生就可以不动词、形容词、副词的顺序进行分类。这样做考生就可以不再是再是15选选1了,只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构,了,只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构,有时候可以是有时候可以是3选选1甚至甚至2选选1,缩小了选择的范围,降低了试,缩小了选择的范围,降低了试题的难度。题的难度。例例1将大学英语四级考试(将大学英语四级考试(CET-4)试点考试样卷中)试点考试
92、样卷中的的15个单词作出分类:个单词作出分类:A) wonder I) hid B) acquired J) prominent C) consistently K) decent D) regained L) countless E) nightmare M) recalled F) native N) breakthrough G) acceptance O) automatically H) effective 解析解析考生应该如何分类呢?我们给出一个样例:考生应该如何分类呢?我们给出一个样例:A) wonder n I) hid v B) acquired v J) prominent
93、 a C) consistently ad K) decent a D) regained v L) countless a E) nightmare n M) recalled v F) native a N)breakthrough n G) acceptance n O) automatically ad H) effective a在真正的考试中,试题给出的在真正的考试中,试题给出的15个单词是分两列排个单词是分两列排序的,出题者的目的就是让考生能够进行词性分类。序的,出题者的目的就是让考生能够进行词性分类。名、动、形、副的顺序可以根据考生的习惯排序,名、动、形、副的顺序可以根据考生的
94、习惯排序,但建议使用以上比较直观的形式进行分类。但建议使用以上比较直观的形式进行分类。第三步:选词填空第三步:选词填空fillinthegaps(4分钟分钟)一,一,调动语法知识调动语法知识,先确定空白处单词的词性,再去,先确定空白处单词的词性,再去后面的后面的list中找同一词类的选项,挑出正确答案。中找同一词类的选项,挑出正确答案。动词动词的确定:动词最容易确定,因为一个句子没有的确定:动词最容易确定,因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语,是很明显的缺陷,不定式当动词就等于没有谓语,是很明显的缺陷,不定式当中中to+动词原形也很容易确定。而且动词的关联性、动词原形也很容易确定。而且动词的关联
95、性、可比性最差,选这个和选那个有天壤之别。可比性最差,选这个和选那个有天壤之别。名词名词的确定:的确定: 1冠词a, an, the 的后面。样题:a nightmare. 2介词in, on, from的后面。真题:As the trade winds lessen in strength 3 形容词 (包括指示形容词demonstrative adjectives或称限定词determiners,如this, that, these, those )的后面。真题:This strange phenomenon happens形容词形容词的确定:的确定:1名词的前面。真题:名词的前面。真题:
96、women are potential customers.2副词的后面。真题:副词的后面。真题:El Nino brought the most destructive weather in modern history.副词副词的确定:的确定:1动词的附近(指前面或后面)。动词的附近(指前面或后面)。 样题:students consistently outperform their peers 真题:jobs that used to be done primarily by women 2形容词的前面。真题:形容词的前面。真题:but they are still not comple
97、tely sure what leads to it 3句子的前面。句子的前面。如:Not surprisingly, the jury found them both guilty.二,上面谈的是根据语法确定词性,现在谈谈二,上面谈的是根据语法确定词性,现在谈谈根据上下文根据上下文&逻辑关系确定词义逻辑关系确定词义。默念这句话:。默念这句话:“答案就在周围。答案就在周围。”如果你留心的话,空白如果你留心的话,空白附近的暗示无处不在。附近的暗示无处不在。样题举例:样题举例: 1Robertos story is just one of _ success stories. 反向对比:one 对
98、countless,一对多。 2now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college _ rates of more than 90%. 反向对比:dropout 对 acceptance,休学率对入学率。真题举例:真题举例: 1 the income gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now _ about half of all cars. 正向并列:buying 同义词暗示 purchase. (
99、2006年12月) 2 The hot, humid air over the ocean causes sever _ thunderstorms. 正向并列:hot, humid 同义词暗示tropical.(2006年6月) 3other parts face drought, poor crops and _. 正向并列:poor crops 同义词暗示 starvation;欠收自然导致饥荒。(2006年6月)在篇章词汇理解题目中,文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇在篇章词汇理解题目中,文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的,文章的逻辑关系通过一些文章是很重要的,文章的逻辑关系通过
100、一些逻辑关系词逻辑关系词体现体现的,考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。的,考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。常见的逻辑关系词如下:常见的逻辑关系词如下: (1) 并列关系:and , or, as well as 等 (2) 对比关系:but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等 (3) 比较关系:asas , like , similar 等 (4) 因果关系:because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等 (5) 举例关系:for example , for
101、 instance , such as , and so on 等 (6) 递进关系:and , whats more , moreover , in addition 等 在选择正确答案的过程中,需要考生进行选项间的比较,比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。这里提示考生可以通过上面总结的词义判断(即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思,由此判断是不是最合适的选项)和逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构,确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案)两种方法确定答案。这里还要提示考生,填入一个词就划掉一个,为下面的选词缩小范围。结论:眼尖一点,脑子勤一点。结论:眼尖一点,脑子勤一点。第四步:
102、回顾检查第四步:回顾检查review(1分钟)分钟)篇章词汇理解题目(选词填空)类似于完型填空,这就需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案,还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等,复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。2006年年6月新四级选词填空部分精解精练月新四级选词填空部分精解精练EINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.Itstar
103、tsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetrade winds(信风信风),whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5.Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的潮湿的)airo
104、vertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EIN
105、inobroughtthemost52 weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists54this tobe thelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenan EINinowill55,buttheyarestillno
106、t56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.AestimateFphenomenon Kstarvation BstrengthGstable LbringingCdeliberatelyHattractionMexhaustionDnotify IcompletelyNworthEtropical Jdestructive Ostrike47【解析】选【解析】选F。空格前为一形容词,通常其后修饰名词,可推知空空格前为一形容词,通常其后修饰名词,可推知空格处要填一单数名词。从前文可知,所填名词指代格处要填一单数名词。从前文可知,所填名词
107、指代EINino(厄尔尼诺)(厄尔尼诺)这种奇怪的气候现象。选项中共有六个名词,而能指代这种奇怪的气候现象。选项中共有六个名词,而能指代EINino的只有的只有Fphenomenon(现象)。(现象)。48【解析】选【解析】选B。从主谓搭配来看,空格处描绘信风在哪方面减弱。从主谓搭配来看,空格处描绘信风在哪方面减弱(thetradewindslessen),选项中剩下的五个名词中能形容风力减),选项中剩下的五个名词中能形容风力减弱的只有弱的只有Bstrength(力量力量)。49【解析】选【解析】选E。选项中能修饰名词。选项中能修饰名词thunderstorms(雷暴)的形容(雷暴)的形容词,
108、并且和闷热、潮湿的空气气候现象相联系的只有词,并且和闷热、潮湿的空气气候现象相联系的只有Etropical(热带(热带的),选项中其他两个形容词的),选项中其他两个形容词Jdestructive(毁灭性),与(毁灭性),与severe(严重的严重的)意思重复,而意思重复,而Gstable(稳定的)不用来修饰(稳定的)不用来修饰thunderstorms。50【解析】选【解析】选L。此处逗号起重要提示作用,逗号后面部分为伴随状。此处逗号起重要提示作用,逗号后面部分为伴随状态,起补充说明作用。选项中只有动词的现在分词形式符合题意,态,起补充说明作用。选项中只有动词的现在分词形式符合题意,Lbrin
109、ging为正确选项。为正确选项。51【解析】选【解析】选K。从关键连词。从关键连词while,可知此处,可知此处while前后两分句形成前后两分句形成结构上和语义上的对比,从选项中剩下的四个名词中选出能和结构上和语义上的对比,从选项中剩下的四个名词中选出能和drought(干旱)、(干旱)、poorcrops(农作物歉收)构成语义上的顺承关系(农作物歉收)构成语义上的顺承关系的名词是的名词是Kstarvation(饥荒饥荒)。强干扰项。强干扰项Mexhaustion(耗尽枯竭)(耗尽枯竭)不能很好地描述不能很好地描述poorcrops现象。现象。52【解析】选【解析】选J。此处填一形容词修饰。
110、此处填一形容词修饰weather。选项中只剩下两个候。选项中只剩下两个候选形容词。从后一句话对其带来影响的描述选形容词。从后一句话对其带来影响的描述(2,000peopledead)可轻可轻松地选对松地选对Jdestructive(毁灭性的毁灭性的)。53【解析】选【解析】选N。此处填一名词,能与。此处填一名词,能与eightbillionpounds形成合理形成合理搭配,且修饰搭配,且修饰damage(损失),选项中只有(损失),选项中只有Nworth(价值)符合题(价值)符合题意。意。54【解析】选【解析】选A。此处填一动词。选项中有三个动词为候选项。从宾。此处填一动词。选项中有三个动词为
111、候选项。从宾语来看,语来看,thelongestEINinofor2,000years(两千年以来持续时间最两千年以来持续时间最长的厄尔尼诺现象长的厄尔尼诺现象)为结论性的话,排除为结论性的话,排除Ostrike(打击);(打击);Dnotify(通知)为不及物动词,后接介词(通知)为不及物动词,后接介词of,不选;,不选;Aestimate(评估)(评估)符合题意。符合题意。55【解析】选【解析】选O。此处填一动词,主语为。此处填一动词,主语为EINino,在两个候选的动词,在两个候选的动词中,中,Dnotify(通知)主语通常为人,排除它。(通知)主语通常为人,排除它。Ostrike作及物
112、动词作及物动词时表示时表示“到达到达,侵袭侵袭”,与题意相符。,与题意相符。沪江四沪江四56【解析】选【解析】选I。从空格后的形容词。从空格后的形容词sure(确定的)可知此处填一副(确定的)可知此处填一副词。选项中两个副词词。选项中两个副词completely(完全地完全地)和和deliberately(故意地),(故意地),很容易能选很容易能选I)completely(完全地)为正确选项。(完全地)为正确选项。Translation for CET4翻译考点翻译考点1.两种句型两种句型2.三种从句三种从句3.五种结构五种结构4.三种词类三种词类三种从句三种从句1.形容词性从句形容词性从句6
113、8.23%定语从句定语从句68.23%2.名词性从句名词性从句55.29%宾语从句宾语从句:29.41%同位语从句同位语从句:14.11%主语从句主语从句:8.23%表语从句表语从句:4.7%3.副词性从句副词性从句35.29%状语从句状语从句35.29%两种句型两种句型复合句复合句:81.25%简单句简单句:18.75%五种结构五种结构被动结构被动结构:55.29%并列结构并列结构:30.58%省略结构省略结构:31.76%插入结构插入结构:5.35%倒装结构倒装结构:40.88%三种词类三种词类1.指代关系指代关系:100%2.动词时态动词时态:100%3.专有名词专有名词:10.58%主
114、动时态主动时态一般一般时态时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态完成进行时态完成进行时态现在现在V.Bev-ing.Have/hasv-ed.Have/hasbeenv-ing过去过去V-ed.Was/werev-ing.Hadv-ed.Hadbeenv-ing将来将来Willv.Willbev-ing.Willhavev-ed.Willhavebeenv-ing过去过去将来将来Wouldv.Wouldbev-ing.Wouldhavev-ed.Wouldhavebeenv-ing.被动时态被动时态一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态现在现在Am/is/areaskedAm/is/a
115、rebeingaskedHas/havebeenasked过去过去Was/wereaskedWas/werebeingaskedHadbeenasked将来将来WillbeaskedWillhavebeenasked过去过去将来将来WouldbeaskedWouldhavebeenasked一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表达)达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而
116、完整地表达内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯,且用词准确、语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯,且用词准确、多样)多样)(二)汉译英基本程序(二)汉译英基本程序1理解理解通读并透彻理解原文含义通读并透彻理解原文含义2翻译翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词词3审校审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、
117、上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误,及时改正。大小写、标点符号等。发现错误,及时改正。汉译英专项练习汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). They _(计划将投资增加一倍).Force N1 _is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 (比力N2大2.5倍). This substance _reacts three ti
118、mes as fast as the other one (反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth _is 49 times the size of the moon _(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _wants to raise the rent by a third_wants to raise the rent by a third (想将租金提高三分之一). They _plan to double their investment(计划将投资增加一倍二、时态 Bequick,_(否则等我们到达教堂否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了时婚礼就已经结束了
119、).Whenshegothome,_(孩子们孩子们已经睡着了已经睡着了).WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_(我姐姐将在海边我姐姐将在海边度假度假).I_(一上午都在修改我的简历一上午都在修改我的简历).Doyouoftengoonholiday?_(不,我已经有五年没有度假了不,我已经有五年没有度假了).HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001._(他参军已五年了他参军已五年了).Bequick,_ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch (否则等我们
120、否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).Whenshegothome,_thechildrenhadfallenasleep (孩子们已经睡着了孩子们已经睡着了).WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside (我姐姐将在海边度假我姐姐将在海边度假).Ihavebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning (一上午都在修改我的简历一上午都在修改我的简历).Doyouoftengoonholiday?No.Ithas
121、beenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday (不,我已经不,我已经有五年没有度假了有五年没有度假了).HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001._Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5_years(他参军已五年了他参军已五年了).三、被动语态三、被动语态Theblackboardandchalk_(正正在被电脑和投影机所取代在被电脑和投影机所取代).Thebook_(到今年年底就将已出到今年年底就将已出版版).Computermodels_(可以用来演可以用来演示细胞工作的方式示细胞工作的方式).Whenthebilloffarewasbrough
122、t,_(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料的预料)._(必须立即采取有效措施必须立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandystorms.三、被动语态三、被动语态Theblackboardandchalk_isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector(正在被电脑正在被电脑和投影机所取代和投影机所取代).Thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear_(到今年年底就将已出版到今年年底就将已出版).Computermodels_canbeusedtodemonstratethewa
123、ythatcellswork_(可以用来可以用来演示细胞工作的方式演示细胞工作的方式).Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated_(我惊呆了,价格大大超出我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料了我的预料)._Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately_(必须立即采取有效措施必须立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandystorms.三、被动语态isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandthepr
124、ojector(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork(考点:(考点:1.被动语态与情态动词联用被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有汉语有些没有“被被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态)要译成英语的被动语态)Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhad
125、anticipated(考点:同(考点:同“3”的考点的考点2)Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)四、情态动词Thephoneisringing,_(但是没但是没人接听。她一定不在家人接听。她一定不在家).Icantfindmysunglasses._(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight._(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).Itsapity._(你本应该邀请她
126、来参你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的加你的毕业典礼的)._(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的去参加那次聚会的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.五、虚拟语气Iwish_(我年轻的时候有你们这我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会样的机会).Ifonly_(他知道这病是可以治好他知道这病是可以治好的的)!Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?Idratherhe_(漆成蓝色的,漆成蓝色的,而且不
127、带任何装饰而且不带任何装饰).Itshightimethat_(采取措施解采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题决交通堵塞的问题).Hughusuallytalks_(仿佛在大仿佛在大会上发表演说似的会上发表演说似的).六、不定式六、不定式Itwasagreatachievement_(10个月建成一栋个月建成一栋24层的楼层的楼).Itisnecessary_(我们在考试前我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉好好地睡一晚上觉).Itisgenerous_(你把这么多钱捐你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民给灾区人民).Theteacherdecided_(不惩罚不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生那些上课迟到的学生).Mr.Green
128、waswondering_(是是否去看望在法国的儿子否去看望在法国的儿子).六、不定式to complete a 24-story building in 10 months for us to have a good nights sleep before the test(of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster areanot to punish those students who had been late for class(考点:1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加
129、not)十五、强调句十五、强调句_(正是正是Jefferson写下了写下了)theDeclarationofIndependence._(作者是带着真挚的情感作者是带着真挚的情感)praisesallthatisprogressive._(正是因为水涨了正是因为水涨了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver._(人们听见正是人们听见正是Jim这个无情的家这个无情的家伙伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight._(直到我告诉她直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.1.It was Jefferson who wro
130、te (考点:强调主语)2.It is with genuine feeling that the author(考点:强调状语)3.It was because the water had risen that(考点:强调状语从句)4.It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard(考点:强调主语)5.It was not until I told her that(考点:强调状语从句)比较级最高级Doesshedance_(跟她跟她姐姐一样地优美姐姐一样地优美)?Thebuildingslook_(在在伦敦比在这儿难看得多伦敦比在这儿难看得多
131、).Thisis_(他画的最好的他画的最好的画之一画之一).Thehigheryouclimb,_(空气就越稀薄空气就越稀薄).比较级最高级比较级最高级asgracefullyashersister(考点:同级比较)(考点:同级比较)faruglierinLondonthanhere(考点:用副词或词组来修饰比较级)(考点:用副词或词组来修饰比较级)oneofthebestpicturesthathehaseverpainted(考点:最高级)(考点:最高级)thethinnertheairbecomes(考点:(考点:“越越越越”结构)结构)WritingWritingGood luck!Good luck!