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1、Acute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAcute anterior dislocation of the shoulder第一页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAnatomyStability: - ball & socket = compression in concavity effectBone - big head small cup = unstableMenisci - labium = depth of
2、cup by 20%Ligaments - glenohumeral & capsuleMuscles - rotator cuff & biceps = holds ball in cupPrimary Movers - Deltoid, Pec. major & Lat. Dorsy= subluxing forces Dynamic - proprioceptive feedback第二页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderPathophysiology (L
3、azarus 1996)Chondro-labral defect causes a 65% reduction in stability in the direction of the defectDeficiency of the ant. inf. capsulolabral complex Fracture of ant. lip of glenoid = 15%Detachment of labarum/capsule = 15%Tear of glenohumeral ligaments = 54%Avulsion of subscapularis and ligs of hume
4、rus (HAGL) To prevent the persistence of the defect it needs to be repairedArthroscopically Open 第三页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAcute InjurySomething breaks or tears and therefore can be repaired.Repair is better than reconstructRepair is easier
5、 than reconstructChronicInstability has additional plastic deformation of the capsule and glenohumeral ligaments therefore needs to be shortenedRestoring the normal functional anatomy is impossible第四页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderConservative Trea
6、tmentRowe JBJS, 1957324 young patient with ant. dislocations94% had recurrence if 20 years old62% had recurrence if 40 years oldBurkhead & Rockwood (text book)40 patients with acute dislocation & vigorous rehabilitationOnly 16% had good or excellent result (1 in 6)Deny & Drew Injury, November 200221
7、% of all patients presenting with shoulder dislocation had previous dislocation in 1 year43% in patients 15-22 years had re-dislocations第五页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderNon operative treatment of shoulder dislocation in young athletes1.Arciera J A
8、rthroscopy, 19952.De Beardino J South Orthopaedic Ass, 19963.Haelen J Arch Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, 19904.Hovelius J Orthopaedic Science, 19995.Wheeler J Arthroscopy, 19986.Kirkby J Arthroscopy, 1999 all over 80% recurrence rateNon operative treatment is unacceptable第六页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoul
9、der-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderProspective Randomised Study Bottani etc.Military Personnel Medicine Vol 30 No 4 2000First Time Acute Traumatic Shoulder DislocationStabilisation Vs Non Operative: Follow up in 36 months24 patients aged 18-26y. 14 Non Operative rehab immobilise
10、d 4 weeks9 of 12 non operative had instability (75%) (6 open Bankart repair)10 ASC Bankart repair with bioabsorbable tack 10 days1 of 9 operated patients had instability (11%)第七页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderComparison of Arthroscopic & Open Stabi
11、lisationSample SizeFollow UpRecurrenceASCOpenASCOpenASCOpenSteinbeck 199830323640175Field 19995050333080Cole 199937225255169Hayes etc 199944132929124ConclusionArthroscopic repair for chronic instability is inferior to open repair? Due to plastic deformationChronic anterior instability第八页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱
12、位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderArthroscopic Techniques for Primary Dislocations1982 Johusa with staples1987 Morgen & Badenstab transglenoid sutures1991 Caspari -Cannulated bio-absorbable tacks 1993 Wolf & Snyder suture anchors = difficult1989 Wheller - ASC sta
13、ple1993 Gohlke - Suture anchors1994 Arciera - ASC transglenoid1996 Speer - Bio-absorbable tack1999 Wintzell - ASC lavage2000 Introduction of a multitude of new gadgets & anchors第九页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderArthroscopic RepairsEinoder, 1984 Kne
14、e ClubDescribed Arthroscopic transglenoid sutures using:K wire with eye (ACL) introduced via anterior portalSucking tubeSutures tied over infraspinatus fascia or spine of scapula Results4 out 5 patients returned to the same level of sport with no re-dislocations 第十页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-Dis
15、locationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderArthroscopic Repair第十一页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoder第十二页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoder第十三页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Should
16、er Dislocation SurgeryEinoderBoszotta & Helperstorfer Arthroscopy, July 2000 Transglenoid suture repair for initial Ant. dislocation72 patients (1988-95)61 11 Aged 19-3934% = Bankart lesion (6 with bone)66% = Avulsion of capsulolabral complexResults7% = Redislocation all due to trauma (severe in 2 o
17、ut of 5)85% = Returned to unrestricted pre injury sporting activities第十四页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderRandomised StudiesAsc. Stabilisation Vs Non OperativeArciera et. al. A.J. Sports Med., 199432 military men with acute 1st up dislocation, Averag
18、e of 32 months follow up15 patients non operative 80% redislocated21 patients transglenoid suture 14% redislocatedBottony & Wilkings etc. A.J. Sports Medicine 2000Patients with acute traumatic first time shoulder dislocation14 young patients non op, 75% redislocation10 young patients Asc. Bankart re
19、pair, 10% redislocation第十五页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAsc. stabilisation Dara & Gerber Journal of Shoulder & Elbow, 200020 shouldersAv 3 year follow upRecurrences occurred in patients who were chronic dislocators i.e. 30%Therefore now do open s
20、urgery for recurrent dislocationsAsc. surgery for acute dislocationsDe Beardino et al An J. Sports Med., 200049 1st up acute post traumatic Shoulders dislocationAverage 37 months follow up Tack anchor.6 Patients re-dislocated (13%) +4 had open surgery第十六页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcu
21、te Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderBozzotta & Helpastorger (Austria) J. Arthroscopy, 2000 Arthroscopic Transglenoid Suture Repair for Initial Ant. Shoulder Dislocation72 Patients61 11 - Sporting ambitious patients25 Patients Bankart lesion (6 with bone) 43 Patients Capsulolabral avulsionResults 5
22、 patientsRe dislocated 2 had significant trauma3 had insignificant trauma = 4% Therefore results of primary repair are better than surgery for recurrent dislocationBut transgleniod repairs are obsolete第十七页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAgainst Arth
23、roscopic RepairRoberts, Taylor, Brown, Hayes, Saies (Adelaide)Journal of Shoulder & Elbow, September 199956 acute 1st up shoulder dislocations2 year post operative and return to Australian Rules FootballOperations:Asc. suture repair 70% recurrenceAsc. Bankart repair with tack 38% recurrence,.Open re
24、pair & copsular shift 30% recurrenceTherefore Asc. treatment alone not good enough第十八页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderCole & Warner Clinical Sports Medicine 2000 Arthroscopic Vs Open Bankart RepairFor Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability% Asc. tr
25、eatment modalities are increasing due to:1.Better understanding of the pathophysiology2.Better pre operative evaluation of the injury (i.e. patient selection)3.New surgical techniques4.Better instrumentation5.Better anchors第十九页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation Surg
26、eryEinoderProtocol for Acute Repair1.Mature & active person2.15 to 50 years old3.First episode of glenohumeral dislocationReduced on field, first aid, club Dr or DEM4.Examination & X-ray5.Informed consent time off work - outcome6.Examination under GA7.ASC of glenohumeral joint, check rotator cuff as
27、 well8.Acute repair of all demonstrable tears or fractures restore normal anatomy11.Rehab activity collar & cuff, physiotherapy12.Avoid ext. rotation and abduction for 6 weeks13.Return to contact sport in 12 weeks第二十页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoder
28、Investigations1.Plain x-rays2.CT scans if complicated associated feature3.MRI rarely get more information from Asc.4.Examination Under GASupine load shift test with arm at 80 abducted compared with normal shoulder1+ball to rim2+ball riding over rim with spontaneous reduction3+ball stays dislocated5.
29、Arthroscopy第二十一页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderPatient PositionGeneral Anaesthetic Beach Chair with arm held by assistantLateral position with arm in traction & shoulder abductedShoulder examined, degree & direction of instability notedPortals = 2
30、or 3Posterior portalAnt. sup portalAnt inf portal (occasionally) Injury assessed & debridedRepair method selectedArthroscopic Repair Procedure第二十二页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderRehabilitation1.Minimal in first 4 weeksNo ext rotationAbduction less
31、than 45Pendulum exercisesIsometric resistance exercises2.Graduated in 4 8 weeks ROMGraduated weight training3.Return to sportNon contact = 6 weekscontact = 12 weeks第二十三页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderArthroscopic Vs Open Bankart RepairAdvantagesAcc
32、urate diagnosis of all structuresLess morbidity/painSmall scarsFaster recoverySooner return to activitiesLess restriction of movementDisadvantagesNeed all the equipmentTechnically demandingLong learning curveLack of versatilityHigher failure rate arthroscopic = up to 33% - open = less than 10%第二十四页，
33、共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderStern Jozrawi Rastolazzi Arthroscopy Oct. 2002Advantages Vs Disadvantages of Asc. RepairAdvantages cosmesis morbidity stiffnessEasy revisionDisadvantages1) Reluctance to refer patient immediately2) Difficult operation3
34、) Expensive instrumentation4) Biological healing time is not accelerated5) Same post operative restrictions第二十五页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderProblems1.Difficulty convincing Club Trainers, Physicians, sporting club Doctors & DEM staff to refer the
35、 young athlete within 2-3 days.2.Time consuming discussions convincing patient to have the operation rather than early return to sport.No problem advising a recurrent dislocators to have a stabilisation procedure at the end of a sporting season.3.Mostly after hours surgery with staff who are not fam
36、iliar with the operation and instrumentation.第二十六页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderArthroscopy of Shoulder1935 Japanese Surgeons arthroscoped, shoulders 1960s Curiosity activity in the western world1970s Diagnostic Asc. examination open surgery1980s
37、Simple Asc. techniques for simple problems1990s Instrumentation & tacks more tried it.2000s Techniques & anchors Can be done by any surgeon skilled in arthroscopic techniques第二十七页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderShoulder reduced on field, first aid r
38、oom or DEM then referred Treatment History1970s -Conservative for all 1st up unless fractures with Bristows or Bankart repair for recurrences1980s -Asc. transglenoid suturestied over spine of scapula or muscle fascia1990s -patient in lateral position with arm in tractionor patient in Beach chair pos
39、ition multiple, tacks and suturessurtac screw tack anchors etc.2000 -better anchors and sutures have made the procedure available for all surgeons experienced in arthroscopic technique第二十八页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAcute Labral Tear第二十九页，共三十二页
40、。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderAcute Repair of Anterior Labral Tear第三十页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-DislocationAcute Shoulder Dislocation SurgeryEinoderConclusionAsc. repair of the Capsulo-ligamentous injury to the shoulderis a simple procedure for a s
41、urgeon skilled in arthroscopic technique Chronic instabilities have associated plastic deformity of the tissues that need to be addressed and this makes the result of a simple procedure unpredictable.An active young person with a first traumatic dislocation of the shoulder should have the damage repaired arthroscopically within 10 days of the injury第三十一页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-Dislocation内容(nirng)总结Acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder。ASCOpenASCOpenASCOpen。Steinbeck 199830323640175。Field 19995050333080。Cole 199937225255169。Conclusion第三十二页，共三十二页。肩关节前脱位Anterior-Shoulder-Dislocation
