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1、现在分词现在分词形式形式过去分词过去分词形式形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done现在分词现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足宾语补足语和状语语和状语。I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）（定语） 1.位置位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在
2、名词后单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语主语。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 2.作用作用-相当于一个定语从句相当于一个定语从句 （2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been
3、 planned for tonight?（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.注：注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成） The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在进行）（表
4、示正在进行） II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）表语）1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。The window is broken.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly excited.2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人令人”，有主动意思。，有主动意思。e.g. How disappointing the election
5、is! 过去分词：主语的感受，过去分词：主语的感受，“感到感到”，有被动意思。，有被动意思。e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.常见的这类此有：常见的这类此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worriedIII. Past part
6、iciple used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned. 2. 2. 表表“感觉，感觉， 心理状态心理状态”的动词：的动词：see, hear, find, feel, t
7、hink, watch, notice + object(宾语宾语) + p.p.e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People found the water polluted. Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 过去分词过去分词, 不定式不定式, 现在分词作宾补的现在分词作宾补的区别区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，的不定式强调动作发生的全过程
8、，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。进行。I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.3. 3. 使役动词使役动词: :make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. He had his
9、 watch repaired. 4.在在“with / without宾语宾补宾语宾补(过去分过去分词词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。宾关系。e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.过去分词作过去分词作时间状语时间状语相当于时间状语从句
10、相当于时间状语从句(When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.过去分词作过去分词作条件状语条件状语相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.过去分词作过去分词作原因状语原因状语相当于原因状语从句相
11、当于原因状语从句(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.过去分词作过去分词作让步状语让步状语相当于让步状语从句相当于让步状语从句(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed
12、 by a group of students.表示方式和伴随情况表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。成分。The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student.过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确为了使意义更加明确,也可以在也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词前加上对应的连词when,as,if 等等等等.4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.3. As / Beca
13、use born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you.1. When asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式的相应变化形式.注意：注意：1） 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_London (夜里参观伦
14、敦夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream._ (当有人夜里来访当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.When visitingWhen visited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。_ (写完了所有写完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drin
15、k and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信写完之后信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 从山顶看，从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。我们能看到一个美丽的公园。 从山顶看，从山顶看， 公园很美丽。公园很美丽。Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beau
16、tiful._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dres
17、sed类似的还有：类似的还有：generally speaking一般说来一般说来, given鉴于鉴于, judging from/by根据根据来看来看, judged byconsidering考虑到考虑到, supposing that假如假如, talking of说到说到, seeing (that)鉴于，由于鉴于，由于 有些固定用法：有些固定用法：Exercise:1.The managers discussed the plan that2.they would like to see_the next year.3.A.carry out B.carrying out 4.C.
18、carried out D.to carry out5.2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed6.to see the washing machine she had had7._went wrong again.8.A.it B. it repaired9.C.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being s
19、ettled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday
20、. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated
21、; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlockingC.left, unlocked D.to leave;unlocking10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A .settled B .settling C.be settled D .having been settled11.I could feel the wind _on my face f
22、rom an open window.A .to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D .blown12. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose13. The computer center, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (94) A. open B. opening C. having opened
23、D. opened14. The research is so designed that once nothingcan be done to change it. (02) A. Begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun15. When , the museum will be open to the public next year .(02) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed16. The lecture _ will be given the day after tomorrow. A. has been talked about B. to talk about C. so much talked about D. so much talking of17. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
