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1、Advanced English Book 1Lesson 9A More Perfect Union -By group 41. Background information Vocabulary and Paraphrase Structure Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 12.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAbout “A More Perfect Union”thespeechwasdeliveredonmarch18,2008, during Obamas campaign forp
2、residency. This was to response to theJeremiah Wright controversy. JeremiahWright was the pastor of Obamas trinityunitedchurchofChristinChicagoandalsoa participant in Obamas campaign. Rev.Dr. Jeremiah Wright has been caught ontape saying vicious, racist, and un-Americanthings.Advanced English Book 1
3、3.Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union Rev. Wright said that Sept. 11 wassomehow the fault of America, and now“Americanschickensarecominghometoroost.”Therefore,Obamasufferedahugecrisisofconfidence.Advanced English Book 14.5. Barack Hussein Obama is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is
4、 the first African American to hold the office. He began his presidential campaign in 2007, and in 2008, after a close primary campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won sufficient delegates in the Democratic party primaries to receive the presidential nomination. He then defeated Republican no
5、minee John McCain in the general election, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He was re-elected president in November 2012, defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney. He is the first Democrat since Franklin D.
6、Roosevelt to win two presidential elections with a majority of the popular vote.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 16.Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union Advanced English Book 1Trinity United Church of Christ TrinityUnitedChurchofChristisapredominantlyAfrican-Americanchurchwithmorethan8,50
7、0members,locatedonthesouthwestsideofChicago.ItisthelargestchurchaffiliatedwiththeUnitedChurchofChrist,apredominantlywhiteChristiandenominationwithrootsinCongregationalism,whichbranchedfromAmericanPuritanism.7. The churchs early history coincided withtheAmericancivilrightsmovement,subsequentdeathofMa
8、rtinLutherKing,Jr.,andtheturmoilthat entered the movement after his death.During that tumultuous period, an influx ofradical black Muslim groups had begun toheadquarter in Chicago, and Trinity sought torecontextualizeChristianitythroughblackliberation theology in order to counter theinfluenceofradic
9、alblackMuslimleaders,whotaughtthatitwasimpossibletobebothBlackandChristian.8.Trinityisbestknowntodayforitssocialprogramson behalf of the disadvantaged, both nationally andinternationally, although in its earliest days suchoutreachdidnotevenfigureinitsmission.Inearly2008,aspartoftheirpresidentialelec
10、tioncoverage,newsmediaoutletsandpoliticalcommentatorsbroughtTrinitytonationalattentionwhencontroversial excerpts of sermons by the churchslongtime pastor Jeremiah Wright were broadcast tohighlight Democratic presidential candidate BarackObamas relationship with Wright and the church.Obamarespondedwi
11、thaspeech,AMorePerfectUnion,whichaddressedthecriticisms.9. Inthe1800stheslaveswerefreedbyPresident Abraham Lincoln. After thisstarting in about the 1870s Jim Crowlawswereintroduced.Theselawspromoted the idea separate but equal,meaningthattheracesalthoughhavingtobeindifferentareasandnotallowedtointer
12、minglewereequal.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 110.1.Whatisthethemeoftheaddress?Whereisitstated?2.WhatisObamasstory?Whydidhecallit“mystory”?3. Did Obamas ethnic background put him in an advantageouspositionduringthecampaign?Whatracialissuedidheconfront?Pre-questions11. 4. Somepeo
13、plequestionedObamasattitudeeventhoughhecondemnedReverendWrightsremarks.Why? 5. HowdidObamadescribeReverendWrightinPara.18?How did ObamadescribetheTrinity UnitedChurch ofChristinPara.20? 6. Whatis therelationshipbetweenReverendWrightandObama?WhatdidObamameanwhenhesaidhecouldnotdisownReverendWright?12
14、.7.WhatremarksdidReverendWrightmakethat compelled Obama to condemn them?What was the fundamental mistake made byWright? How is Obamas condemnationrelated to the title of his address “ A MorePerfectUnion”?8. IsraceanessentialissueintheelectioninObamasopinion?Why?9. How are so many of the disparities
15、thatexists in the African-American communitytoday related to the past of slavery and Jimcrow?13.Vocabulary and Paraphrase14.1.Farmersandscholars;statesmenandpatriotswho had traveled across an ocean to escapetyrannyandpersecutionthatlastedthroughthespringof1787.tyranny: n. unfair or cruel use of powe
16、r orauthorityParaphrase: The early settlers, including farmers,scholars, statesmen and patriots sailed across theAtlantic ocean to escape misrule and persecution.Theyeventuallyturnedtheconceptsembodiedinthedeclaration of independence into articles in theConstitutionattheConstitutionalConventionwhich
17、washeldinthePhiladelphiaStateHouseinthespringof1787.15.2.Thedocumenttheyproducedwaseventuallysignedbutultimatelyunfinished.Paraphrase : Afterheateddebateandcompromises, the Constitution was finallyadopted by the Constitutional Convention and39outof55delegatessignedthedocument.But“ three- fifths ” cl
18、ause and the twenty years allowed for the slave trade showed the slaveissuewasnotsolved,sotheprocessofformingamore perfect union did not end with theenforcementoftheConstitution.16.3.Itwasstainedbythisnationsoriginalsinofslaveryandtoleaveanyfinalresolutiontofuturegenerations. Stain: n. change the co
19、lor of sth.; leave or make marks on sth. , esp. ones that are difficult to remove.stalemate:n.asituationinwhichneithersideinanargumentorcontestcanwinorinwhichnoprogressispossible.resolution : n. solution/makearesolutiontodo17. Paraphrase : It was dishonored by slaverywhich is American original sin.
20、Whether theslavery should be kept became a questionwhich divided the colonies and made theconvention come to a halt .Finally ,thefounders of American decided to allow theslave trade to continue for at least twentyyears, and to leave the question to futuregenerations.18.4. Of course, the answer to th
21、e slavery questionwasalreadyembeddedwithinourConstitutionandaunionthatcouldbeandshouldbeperfectedovertime.embedded : v. fixsomethingdeeplyandfirmlyintosomethingelse.(implant，engraft)Paraphrase : Of course, the resolution of theslaveryissuewasalreadyincludedunderthelaw.According to the Constitution,
22、its people shouldenjoy liberty, justice, and a union that could beandshouldbeperfectedovertime.19.5.Andyetwordsonaparchmentwouldnotbeenough to deliver slaves from bondage, orprovide men and women of every color andcreedtheirfullrightsandobligationsascitizensoftheUnitedStates.parchment : n. asubstanc
23、emadefromanimalskin,usedinthepastforwritingon;adocument,manuscript,ordiplomaonparchment. bondage: n.thestateofbeingaslaveorprisoner.20.Paraphrase : However,theConstitutionoranylawisnotenoughtosettheslavesfreeortogiveAmericanpeopleofdifferentoriginsorbeliefsequalrights.21.6.WhatwouldbeneededwereAmeri
24、cansinsuccessivegenerationspromiseofouridealsandtherealityoftheirtime. disobedience : n. failureorrefusaltoobey. Paraphrase :Onlythroughriskyprotestsandstruggles in different forms, such as on thestreet, in the courts, through a war, wouldgeneration after generation of Americansucceed in narrowing t
25、he gap between therights promised in the Constitution and therealityoftheirtime.22.6.IchosetorunforthePresidentatandourgrandchildren.Paraphrase :IchosetorunforthePresidencyat this critical moment in history because Ifirmly believe that only we solve thechallenges together can we solve them.Despite d
26、ifferent stories we have, we holdcommonhopes.Despitedifferentappearanceswehaveanddifferentplaceswecomefrom,weallwanttomakeabetterfutureforlatergenerations.Onlyweunderstandthatcanweperfectourunion.23.7.ButitalsocomesfrommyownAmericanstory.Paraphrase:Mypersonalbackgroundandmysuccessstory,risingfromrag
27、storiches,alsoteachesmetheimportanceofunity.24.7. I was raised with the help of a whitegrandfather who survived a Depression toserve in Pattons Army during World War IIand a white grandmother while he wasoverseas.Paraphrase :Iwasraisedwiththehelpofmygrandparents who are white. My grandfatherlivedthr
28、oughthedepression,andduringWorldWarhewasfightingunderGeneralPatton.Atthat time, my grandmother worked on abomberassemblylineatFortLeavenworth.25.8. Ive gone to some of the best schools inAmerica and lived in one of the worldspoorestnationsaninheritancewepassontoourtwopreciousdaughters.Paraphrase :Ih
29、avestudiedinsomeofthebestschools in America and lived in one of theworlds poorest nations. My wife is a blackAmerican woman who carries the blood ofslavesandslaveownerswhichisinheritedourtwobeloveddaughters.26.9. I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews,uncles and cousins, of every race and everyhu
30、e,scatteredacrossthreecontinentsthatinno other country on Earth is my story evenpossible. hue :n.colorParaphrase :Myrelativesofdifferentracesand colors lived scattered across threecontinents. I will always remember that mystory is only possible in America and I canbecomewhatIamonlyinAmerica.27.10. I
31、ts a story that hasnt made me the mostconventionalcandidate.Butitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeupwearetrulyone.sear: v. to cause sb. to feel sudden andunpleasant.Paraphrase:Mylifeexperiencehasinfuseddeeplyinmetheconceptthattheunitedstates is not just a total of adding all the statesorallthee
32、lementstogetherbutistheproductoffusion,ofsharingthesamecreed.28.11.Throughoutthefirstyearofthiscampaign,againstallpredictionstothecontrary,wesawhowhungrytheAmericanpeoplewereforthismessageofunity.Paraphrase: In spite of all announcementsthat America was not ready for a blackpresident,thatIwouldfaili
33、nthecampaign,wegained momentum in the first year of thecampaign , which showed that the Americapeopledemandedunityandchange.29.12. Despite the temptation powerful coalition ofAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericans commanding:adj.authoritativeandpowerful.coalition :n.alliancebetweenpoliticalpartier.deem :
34、n.haveaparticularopinionaboutsomething30.Paraphrase : peoplecouldnthelpjudgemefromthe perspective of a black candidate, raising thequestion of whether the united states would farebetter with a black president. However we wongreat victories even in some of the moreconservativestates,stateswithastrong
35、erlyracialbias.WesucceededinunitingAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericansinSouth Carolina,whichwasoneoftheConfederatestatesintheCivilwar.31.13.Wesawracialtensionsbubbletothesurfacebutblackandbrownaswell.exit poll : n.theactivityofaskingpeoplewhotheyhavevotedtodiscoverthelikelyresults.polarization : n. th
36、e situation of having orgivingpolarity.32.Paraphrase :theweekbeforetheDemocratsweretoselecttheirdelegatestothenationalconventioninSouthCarolina,attacksonme,onblacksbecamemorefrequent,moreintense.Thepresshadpollsofpeoplewhohadjustvotedthoroughlytofindevidenceofpeopledividingintotwoopposinggroups,inte
37、rmsofwhiteandblack,aswellasblackandbrown.33.14.Ononeendofthespectrum,weveheardtheimplicationthatmycandidacyissomehowanexerciseinaffirmativeactionpurchaseracialreconciliationonthecheap. spectrum : n.acompleteorwiderangeofrelatedqualities,ideas,etc. on the cheap:spendinglessmoneythanneed. affirmative:
38、 adj. expressingagreement reconciliation : n. asituationinwhichtwopeople,countriesetc.becomefriendlywitheachotheragainafterquarreling.34.Paraphrase: Atoneendoftheentirerangeofopinion, there are people who say that IdecidedtorunbecauseIwantedtoshowblackandwhiteshouldhaveequalopportunityandIwantedtopl
39、ayonthedesiresofnaveliberalsto achieve racial harmony without makinggreatefforts.35.15. On the other end, pastor, Reverend JeremiahWright, use incendiary but views that denigrateboththegreatnessblackalike.pastor : n. a Christian priest in some protestantchurches. incendiary : adj. an incendiary spee
40、ch, piece ofwritingetc.isintendedtomakepeopleangry.denigrate : vt. tocriticizesb./sth.unfairly;tosaysb./sth.doesnothaveanyvalueorisnotimportant.unequivocal: adj. expressing your opinion orintentionveryclearly36.Paraphrase :At the other end of the widerangeofopinions,JeremiahWrightwaswrongbecause the
41、 improper language he used inexpressing his views, would not only widenthegapbetweendifferentracesbutattackonthebasicnatureofAmericaasanations.Hiswordscausedtheangerandcondemnationofbothwhiteandblack.37.16.DidIknowhimtobeanpriests,orrabbiswithwhichyoustronglydisagreed.rabbis:(titleofa)spiritualleade
42、rofaJewishcongregation;teacheroftheJewishlawParaphrase :I did know that sometimes hecriticized American domestic and foreignpolicy. I did hear that he made disputedcommentswhileIwasinchurch.Ididstronglydisagree with many of his political views.However. I am sure many of you may havesimilarexperience
43、ssothisisnotuniquetome.38.17.Instead,theydistortedviewasendemicintheactionsofstalwartemanatingfromtheperverseandhatefulideologiesofradicalIslam.distort: vt.giveafalseaccountof(sth.).endemic:adj. regularlyfoundinaparticularplaceoramongaparticulargroupofpeopleanddifficulttogetridof.emanate from : to c
44、ome from something orsomewhere. stalwart : adj. loyalunequivocal: adj. expressing your opinion orintentionveryclearlyprofess : v. to state a personal feeling or beliefopenly.39.perverse : adj. markedbyadispositiontoopposeandcontradict ideology: n. anorientationthatcharacterizesthethinkingofagrouporn
45、ationParaphrase :Wrights view were a grossdistortionofAmerica.Ontheonehand,Wrightconsideredwhiteracismasaninseparablepartof America, leaving out all the goodcharacteristics which we associated withAmerica. On the other hand, Wright thoughtthatthecauseofconflictintheMiddleEastliedwithIsrael,notradica
46、lIslam.40.18.AndIconfessthesnippetsofthosesermonsthathaveruninanendlesslooponbeingpeddledbysomecommentators,inmuchthesameway. snippet : n. a small of news, information , orconversation.sermon: n. a talk given as part of a Christianchurchservice,onareligiousormoralsubject.loop: n. apieceofrope,wire,e
47、tc.intheshapeofacurveorcircle.peddle : vt .offer(ideas,gossip,etc)toindividualpeople. seminary:n. collegefortrainingpriestsorrabbis.41.cringe : v. drawback,aswithfearorpain episode: n. ahappeningthatisdistinctiveinaseriesofrelatedeventsParaphrase : If Reverend Wright were theperson represented by th
48、e repeatedly shownpiece of sermons on TV and Internet, if theTrinityUnitedChurchofChristweretheonedescribedtothepublicbysomecommentators,I would have long deserted them withoutdoubt.42.19.Thosestories-ofsurvival,andfreedom,and hope - became our story, my story; thebloodthathadspilledwasourbloodintoa
49、largerworld.spill: v. causeorallow(aliquidsubstance)torunorflowfromacontainerParaphrase :The stories, the history, thestruggle,thespiritbecamepartofblackpeopleandtheblackchurchpassedthemontofuturegenerations and spread then to the worldbeyondtheblackcommunityasaship.43.20. Our trials and triumphs be
50、came inchroniclingourjourney,thestoriesandsongsgaveusameanstoreclaimwecouldstarttorebuild.triumph:n.beingsuccessfulorvictorious.chronicle:vt. torecordeventsintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.reclaim :v.recoverpossessionofsth.44.Paraphrase :Thesufferingsandthevictorieswhichtheblackpeoplehadgonethroughwere
51、not limited to the black people; in recallingthosestories,wewerefilledwithconfidenceanddidnotneedtofeelashamedofthepast.Theseproudmemoriesmightbestudiedandtreasuredbyallpeopleandwecouldbuildabrightfuturewiththem.45.21. Like other predominantly black churchesacross the country are full of raucouslaug
52、hterandsometimesbawdyhumor.raucous : adj. impolite,noisyandviolent.bawdy:adj. (ofsongs,plays,etc.)loud,anddealingwithsexinanamusingway.Paraphrase : Trinity embraces all types ofpeople into the community, the doctor andwomen living on government aid, good kidsandformercriminalinthepast.Thereisloudlau
53、ghter and coarse humor at Trinity just asotherblackchurches.46.22. They are full of dancing, clapping,screamingandshoutingthatmayseemjarringto the and bias that make up the blackexperienceinAmerica.jar: v. making someone feel annoyed orshocked.Paraphrase :Peoplewhoarenotfamiliarwithsuchpracticesmayf
54、indtheserviceswhicharefull of dancing, clapping, screaming, andshouting, too noisy , too rowdy. The churchcontains both good side and bad side of theexperiencesoftheblacksinAmerican.47.23.Hestrengthenedmyfaith,officiatedmywedding, and baptized my children. butcourtesyandrespect.officiate:vi. perform
55、hedutiesofanofficeorposition.baptize: v. administerbaptismtoderogatory:adj.showingahostileorcriticalattitude(tosbsreputation,etc.)courtesy:n.goodmanners. stereotype: n. a conventional or formulaicconceptionorimage.48.Paraphrase :Itwashewhoenhancedmyfaith,performedmyweddingceremonyandbaptizedmychildr
56、en.Ineverheardhimtalkaboutanyraceswithbadwords.Andhealwaysshowedrespectwhenassociatedwithwhitepeople49.24. I can no more disown him than I candisowntheblackcommunity.disown: v. preventdeliberately(asbymakingawill)frominheritingParaphrase: Itsimportanttocasthimoffjustas it is impossible for me to rep
57、udiate theblackcommunity.50.25.WecandismissReverendWrightasacrankorademagogue,justassomehavedismissedGeraldineFerraro,intheaftermathofherrecentstatements,asharboringsomedeep-seatedracialbias. dismiss:vt. refusetoconsideronesidea,opinionetc.crank:n. personwithstrangefixedideas,esp.onaparticularsubjec
58、t.demagogue:n. apoliticalleaderwhotriestowinsupportbyusingargumentsbasedonemotionratherthanreason. aftermath:n. thesituationthatexistsasaresultofanimportant(andusuallyunpleasant)event,especiallyawar,anaccident,etc.51.Paraphrase :We can condemn Wright asbeinganoddinstigatorandthenrejecthimandputhimou
59、tofmindjustassomehavedonewithGeraldineFerraroaftershemadesomepoliticalpointswithracialprejudicerecently.52.Comprehension of the textMain idea: Call for efforts towards a more perfect unionFocus : characters and skillsTheme : a retrospect of the race issue in the U.S. 53.Structure Part1Para.1-8Thispa
60、rtbeginswithaquotationfromtheconstitution-“toformamoreperfectunion”andthestrugglesoftheformergenerations,leadingtooneofthetasksObamasetforthatthebeginningofthecampaign.Part2Para.9-23Foronething,ObamaemphasizesthemistakesinWrights;foranother,headvisespeopletofindhismeritsbehindhismistakes,andtakesthe
61、personasonepartoftheDiverseAmerica.Part3Para.24-26Thispartpointsoutthatraceisanimportantissuethatneitherwhitenorblackcouldignore.54.Questions on the content55.ThethemeoftheaddressisthatonlyAmericapeopleunitetogethercantheyperfecttheunion,cantheybuildamorejust,moreequal,freer,morecaringandmoreprosper
62、ousAmerica.ThisstatedinthepreambletotheUnitedStatesConstitution. 1. What is the theme of the address? Where is it stated? 56.2. What is Obamas story? Why did he call it “ my story”?Obamasstoryconsistsoftwoparts.Oneishisethnicbackground. He is a son of a black man and a whitewoman；hewasraisedbyhiswhi
63、tegrandparentsandmarriedablackwoman.Hehasrelativesofdifferentcolorsandcreeds.Theotherishisexperience.Hehaslivedinoneoftheworldspoorestnations；hehasgonetosomeofthebestschoolsinAmerica.Hecalleditmystorybecausehislifeandexperienceisasuccessstoryofnon-white in America society. It is an illustration ofAm
64、ericadream,bysayingthathecanappealtomanypotentialvoters.57.3. Did Obamas ethnic background put him in an advantageous position during the campaign? What racial issue did he confront?No, Obamas ethnic background didntput him in an advantageous positionduringthecampaign.Somecommentators have deemed hi
65、m either“tooblack”or“notblackenough”.58.4. What remarks did Reverend Wright make that compelled Obama to condemn them? What was the fundamental mistake made by Wright? How is Obamas condemnation related to the title of his address “ A More Perfect Union”?Theremarkshemadehadthepotentialnotonlytowiden
66、 the racial divide, but also denigrate bothgreatnessandgoodnessofAmerica,causingtheangerandcondemnationofboththewhiteandtheblack.The fundamental mistake made by Wright wasthat they had caused controversy and in somecasespain.59. 5. Some people questioned Obamas attitude even though he condemned Reve
67、rend Wrights remarks. Why?Some people questioned Obamas attitude eventhough he condemned Reverend Wrights remarksbecausetheywerenotsurewhetherheknewWrightto be an occasionally fierce critic of Americandomesticandforeignpolicy,whetherheheardWrightmakeremarksthatcouldbeconsideredcontroversialwhilehesa
68、tinthechurchandwhetherhedisagreedwithmanyofWrightspoliticalviews.60.6. How did Obama describe Reverend Wright in Para. 18? How did Obama describe the Trinity United Church of Christ in Para. 20?Inparagraph18,ObamadescribedReverendWrightasamanheknew.HementionedthevaluablethingsWright taught him and W
69、rights services to thecountry.In paragraph 20, Obama pointed out the TrinityUnited Church of Christ embodied black history,blackexperience,blackpeopleinthecommunity,andcomplexcontradictionlikeotherblackchurches.Itisimpossibletodefineitas“good”or“bad”.61.7. What is the relationship between Reverend W
70、right and Obama? What did Obama mean when he said he could not disown Reverend Wright?ObamaregardedReverendWrightashisfamilyeventhoughhewasimperfect.HemeantthatitwasimpossibleforhimtocastReverendWrightoffjustasitwasimpossibleforhimtorepudiatetheblackcommunity,becausetheywerepartofAmerica.62.8.Is rac
71、e an essential issue in the election in Obamas opinion? Why? Yes,itisanessentialissueinhisopinion.Becausehestatedinparagraph25“raceisanissuethatIbelievethisnationcannotaffordtoignorerightnow.”63.9.How are so many of the disparities that exists in the African-American community today related to the p
72、ast of slavery and Jim crow?TherearesomanyofthedisparitiesexistingintheAfrican-Americancommunitytodaybecausetheproblemsofthepastslaveryhaventbeenreallyworkedthrough.TheinfluenceofJimCrow,whichleadstoracialdiscriminationstillexistsinAmerica.64.Questions on structure and style65.1.Why does Obama begin
73、 his address with the words “we the people ,in order to form a more perfect union.”? Is it an effective way of beginning a speech? How is the beginning related to the theme of the address?Therearetwopurposes.Oneistoshowwherethetitlecomesfrom,theotheristoappealtotheaudiencebythequotationfromtheConsti
74、tution,adocumentthatAmericanpeopleworship.Yes,itisaneffectivewayofbeggingaspeech.ObamausesthewordstoindicatethatthecurrentunionwasfarfrombeingperfectanitisthetaskoftheAmericanpeopletomakeitmoreperfect,whilecallingonpeopletounitetogethertoperfecttheunionisthethemeoftheaddress.66.2.In paragraph 5 we f
75、ind the two words of “color and creed” put together to form alliteration, the use in a phrase or sentence of words beginning with the same letter or sound. Could you find other places in the speech where alliteration is used and then comment on the effect of alliteration? “greatnessandgoodness”inpar
76、agraph13；“trialsandtriumphs”,“uniqueanduniversal”,“storiesandsongs”inparagraph19；“strugglesandsuccesses”inparagraph20.Alliterationisusedtostrengthentherhythmoftheaddress,attractaudiencesattention.67.3.What is the topic sentence of paragraph 6? Thetopicsentenceofparagraph6is:Thiswasoneofthetasksweset
77、forthatbeginningofthispresidentialcampaigntocontinuethelongmarchofthosewhocamebeforeus,amarchforamorejust,moreequal,morefreer,morecaringandmoreprosperousAmerica.68.4.Read the following sentence in paragraph 6:”we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; that we may not look the same and
78、 we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction” note that antithesis-the setting of contrast phrases opposite each other for emphasis-is used here. Can you identify other places in the speech where antithesis is also used for emphasis?The churches contains i
79、n full the kindness andcruelty,thefierceintelligenceandtheshockingignorance,thestrugglesandsuccesses,theloveandyes,thebitternessandbiasesthatmakeuptheblackexperienceinAmerica.（Para.20)69.5.Why did Obama quote a whole paragraph from his book dreams from my father in paragraph 19? What does that passa
80、ge describe? Do you think it is well-written? What figures of speech does the author use here？ ObamaquotedthiswholeparagraphtomakeacompleteimpressionontheaudienceabouthisfirstexperienceatTrinity.Thepassagegivesavividdescriptionofthesceneinthechurchandofhowtheblackpeopleareturnedintoabeliefthattheyar
81、epartofthewhiteculture.It is well-written, and the whole paragraph is written in a highlyrhetoricalstyle.Figuresofspeechtheauthorused:personification（aforcefulwindcarrying the Reverends voice up ）；alliteration （trials andtriumphs,uniqueand universal,stories and songs ）；parallelism（memoriesthatmemori
82、esthat）70.6.Read the sentence in paragraph 20，”the church contains in full the kindness and cruetly , the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance , the struggles and success, the love and yes, the bitterness and bias that make up the black experience in American.” Comment on the characteristics of the language. The sentence is made of pairs of antonyms,demonstratingthecomplexityofthechurchandevery other issue in society, dissuading theaudiencefromjudgingpeopleorsocialissuesinasimplemanner.71.
