《2022年高一英语下册重点单词短语语法》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高一英语下册重点单词短语语法（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1 高一英语下学期 重点单词短语 语法重难点复习Unit 13 Healthy eating 本单元重点单词decision n. 决定junk n. 垃圾 ;废物 ;毒品 (俚语 ) contain vt. 包含 ;容纳vitamin n. 维生素stomach n. 胃hurt v. 疼痛 ;伤害patient n. 病人cough v. & n. 咳嗽pain n. & vt. 疼ripe adj. ( 水果 )熟的knee n. 膝exam n. 检查 ;考试energy n. 能量fuel n. 燃料traditional adj. 传统的diet n. 节食calorie n. 卡
2、路思 ,卡(热量单位 ) offer vt. 提供 ;给予protein n. 蛋白质muscle n. 肌肉calcium n. 钙carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物nutrient n. 营养物function n. 作用 ;机能fibre n. 纤维mineral n. 矿物质pills n. 药丸balanced adj. 平衡的include vt. 包括amount n. (数)量supplement n. 补充物challenge n. 挑战opportunity n. 机会snack n. 小吃苦耐劳equipment n. 设备fold vt. 折叠本单元重点短语gi
3、ve advice on 就提 (意见 )建议make suggestions 提建议make a list of 列出一张单子have a fever 发烧make up 编(拟定 );创设all the time 一直be careful with 小心 (留神 ) be all right 正常 ;康复in the future 将来lie down 躺下plenty of 大量的a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力糖Unit 14 Festivals 本单元重点单词festival n. 节日custom n. 风俗习惯habit n. 习惯symbol n. 象征desc
4、ribe v. 描述favorite adj. 喜欢的fight n. 战斗crime n. 犯罪allow vt. 允许argument n. 争辩celebrate v. 庆祝major adj. 主要的create vt. 创造ancestor n. 古人；前辈characteristic n. 特征principle n. 原则community n. 社区；团体self-determination n. 自我作决定solve vt. 解决faith n. 真诚lit v. 点燃（过去式）theme n. 主题精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
5、- - - -第 1 页，共 10 页2 generation n. 一代人salute v. 向致敬reminder n. 提醒occasion n. 时机fool vt. 愚弄；捉弄本单元重点短语compare with 与进行比较make others happy 使他人幸福快乐learn about 了解spend on 在方面花费so that 以便speak for 为说话the spirit of 的精神commercial activities 商业活动by giving away 以放弃的方式have got to 必须instead of 替代get out of the
6、car 下车get off 下车take off ones hat 摘下礼帽look into the eyes 直视（某人的）眼睛shake hands with sb. 与某人握手make friends with 与交朋友the living and the dead 生者和死者the cycle of life 生命周期play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人Unit15 The necklace 本单元重点单词scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的mysterious adj. 神秘的，不可思议的necklace n.项链scene n. 场景；布景recognize vt. v
7、i. 认出；认识；承认diamond n. 钻石；金刚石government n.政府ball n. 舞会palace n. 宫；宫殿jewellery n. （总称）珠宝accept vt. 接受invitation n. 邀请；请贴franc n. 法郎continue vi.继续pretty adj. 漂亮的；俊俏的happiness n.幸福；快乐exactly adv.精确地valuable adj.值钱的；贵重的worth adj. 值的author n.作者character n. 人物，角色；(汉 )字line n. (戏曲 )台词alien n.外侨clone n.v. 克隆
8、rehearse v. 排练（节目）plot n. (小说的 )情节dormitory n. 宿舍本单元重点短语fall asleep 人睡；睡着a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜a scary place 一个恐怖的地方create a short play 编一个短剧on one s way to school 在某人上学的路上something unusual happened 发生了异常的事another normal day 又一个普通的日子walk towards sb. 朝某人走去don t look very well看上去气色不好look older
9、than one s age看上去比年龄大ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间for the past ten years 在过去的十年里in a government office 在一下政府部门accept an invitation 接受邀请after all 毕竟a man with a lot of money 有钱人continue to do sth.继续做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页3 cal
10、 on 访问；拜访bring out 取出；拿出a lovely diamond necklace 可爱的钻石项链try it on 试戴look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美the last moment of happiness 最后的快乐时光look down 低头看rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿without luck 不幸运，不凑巧day and night 日日夜夜pay off 还清write a scene 写一个场景precious stone 钻石take up several jobs 找几份工作wear a ne
11、w ring 戴新戒指animal products 动物制品play different roles 扮演不同的角色lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词of one s own某人自己的come up with a very good story 编成很好的故事give it a try 试一试take sb. for a ride 带某人去兜风a thousand years from now 从现在起一千年be scared 害怕do the same with 照做rehearse a play排练话剧Unit 16 Scientist at wo
12、rk 本单元重点单词instructions n. 指令；指示safety n. 安全glove n. 手套accident n. 事故earring n. 耳环flame n. 火焰advantage n. 优点；优势wheel n. 轮；方向盘engine n.引擎，发动机technology n. 技术energy n. 能量nuclear n.原子space n. 太空；空间economy n.经济conduct n. 指导；处理；传导lighting n. 闪电realize vt. 认识；意识attract vt. 吸引condenser n. 电容器；聚光器last vi. 持续
13、frame n. 框架enough adj. 足够的control n.& vt. 控制fix v. 安装；确定fasten vt. 扎（捆）sharp adj. 尖锐的charge n.& v. 负责；充电cross n. 杂交；十字架本单元重点短语in ones opinion 在某人看来a waste of （某方面）的浪费make use of 利用be famous for 因而闻名all over 遍及make discoveries 发现a number of 一些a great deal of 大量；许多fasten (tie) to 把扎（捆）到上面take care 留神；
14、小心protect from 保护免受损害 stopfrom doing 阻止不tear down 拆掉be in tears 含着泪花end in 以告终；结束such as 如；例如at least 至少 ;起码find out 查清楚；弄明白go against 与对抗be made up of 由组成 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页4 Unit 17 Famous women 本单元重点单词inspire vt. 激励explain v. 解释admire v. 羡慕smart adj. 机灵的；时
15、髦的cheerful adj. 高兴的general adj. 大致的；总的hard-working adj. 努力的weak adj. 软弱的；不强壮的stupid adj. 愚蠢的dishonest adj. 不诚实的mean v.n. 意味着；方式tense v 紧张miserable adj. 可怕的singer n. 歌手actress n. 女演员champion n. 冠军alone adj. 单独的penguin n. 企鹅Antarctica n. 南极洲challenge n. 挑战increase v. 增长 howling adj. 极端的；嚎叫的optimistic
16、adj. 乐观主义的climate n. 气候experience n. 经验；经历individual adj. 一个人的bother v. 麻烦literature n. 文学skip v. 跳跃discipline n. 纪律career n. 履历；生涯本单元重点短语in high position 地位很高the South Pole南极the North Pole 北极polar bear北极熊at the opposite end of 在对面pull one s sled 拉雪橇be about do (do ) 正要（做）be just around the corner 就
17、在附近，即将来临fall into 掉入in good health 健康状况良好stand on one s left leg 用左腿独立站好solo travel独自旅行blow away 吹跑；刮走knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒refer to 所指；参考rise to fame 名声大振the host of a talk show 脱口秀主持人so far 到目前为止in history 在历史上fight for chances 设法寻找机会best of luck to you 祝你好运without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be th
18、e very best 总是做到最好share with与分享Unit 18 New Zealand 本单元重点单词description n. 描述region n. 地区surround v. 环绕climate n. 气候subtropical n. 亚热带volcano n. 火山narrow adj. 狭窄的sign v.& n. 签字；迹象celebrate v. 庆祝temperature n. 温度精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页5 symbol n. 象征desert n. 沙漠quality
19、n. 质量本单元重点短语lie to 位于be made up of 由组成be surrounded by 被环绕be famous for 因闻名such as 例如take possession of 拥有refer to 参考；所指in relation to 与有关be marked with 标有记号compare to 把比作stand for 代表make up 占据空间plenty of 大量；许多be native to 原产于be careful in （在某方面）仔细prepare for 为作准备Unit 19 Modern agriculture 本单元重点单词mo
20、dern adj.现代的agriculture n. 农业raise vt.饲养 ;举起cattle n.牛create vt.创造 ;生产flood n.洪水drought n 干旱traditional adj. 传统的technique n.技术fertilization n. 施肥irrigation n. 灌溉electric adj.电的pump n 水泵delegation n 代表shortage n 短处arable adj.适于耕种的greenhouse n.温室hang v.吊起control vt & vi. 控制instruction n. 指令 ;指示nature
21、n.自然harvest n.收获本单元重点短语make a decision 做决定over time 长期以来bring in 引进be harmful to 对有伤害be friendly to 对友好as well as 也;还depend on 依靠be short of 缺少 ;不足a variety of 种种instead of 代替go against 违背year after year 一年又一年next to 隔壁 ;紧挨pass on向下传from generation to generation 一代又一代at sunset 在太阳落山时Unit 20 Hurmour
22、本单元重点单词humour n. 幽默，诙谐bitter adj. 苦的，痛苦的chalk n. 粉笔couple n. 一对，一双，夫妇minister n. 牧师，部长，大臣comedian n. 喜剧演员，滑稽演员精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页6 circus n. 马戏团intend v. 想要，打算，意指stage n. 舞台nationality n. 国籍，国家，部落certain adj. 确定的，无疑的，某amuse v. 使发笑，使愉快laughter n. 笑，笑声accent n. 口音
23、，腔调，重音actually adv. 实际上，事实上typical adj. 典型的，象征性的tradition n. 传统rapid adj. 迅速的，快的applaud v. 拍手喝彩，鼓掌appreciate v. 赏识，鉴赏，感激fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的exist v. 存在，生存phrase n. 词组，短语suffer v. 经历或遭受，忍受operate v. 运转，操作direction n. 方向，指导，说明书brake v. & n. 刹车cyclist n. 骑自行车的人fortunately adv. 幸运地bicycle n. 自行车silence n
24、. 寂静，沉默，静默rude adj. 粗鲁的，残暴的confuse v. 使迷惑，打乱，混淆confused adj. 困惑的，烦恼的本单元重点短语tongue twister 绕口令a couple of 两三个make fun of 取笑，嘲笑date back to 回溯至make use of 利用某事物（某人）be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好look on as 把看作drive off 把车开走，赶走，击退act a role of 扮演 的角色roar with laughter 大笑act out small sketches 演小品in th
25、e other direction 在另一方向knock sb. off 把撞下来a flow of 连续不断的某事物have sth. in common with 与有相同之处play with 玩even if 即使，纵然act as 扮演act out 演出来Unit 21 Body language 本单元重点单词express vt. 表达communicate v. 交流；交际vary vi. &vt. 改变；变化mean vt. 意思是；打算apologize vi. 抱歉crazy adj. 疯狂的chase vt. 追赶shake v. 摇动touch vt. 触摸rub
26、v. 摩擦fold vt. 折叠directly adv. 直接地；一就disrespectful adj. 不受人尊敬的gesture n. 手势thumb n. 大拇指difference n. 区别greet vt. 问候handshake n. 握手embrace vi. 拥抱interpretation n. 解释；说明universal adj. 普通的；一般的emotion n. 情感incredible adj. 不能相信的本单元重点短语get through 通过，接通tear down 拆毁精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
27、- -第 6 页，共 10 页7 ask for 向要help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做thanks for 感谢feel down 闷闷不乐express ones thoughts and opinions 表达某人的思想和意见communicate with 与交际learn about 打听spoken language 口语make a circle 成一圈from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化index finger 食指shake ones head 摇头be used to do 被用来做主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词
28、保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致，通常指三个基本原则：语法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗邻一致，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。一、 语法一致原则1、 在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。如：This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英语短语练习不容易。2、 在“ there be”结构中，“be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数. 如： There has been little change in this city.这个城市没
29、有多少变化。3、 “one of ”结构，位于用单数， “two of ”结构位于用复数One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。3、 倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用。Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。二、 概念一致1、 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形式。如：To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。 （不定式做主语）Keeping th
30、e house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。（动名词做主语）How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语 ) 注意：（1）用 what 或 which 引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语，因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如： Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个？ Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些？（2）单个的分词作主语，不定式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连接上述的相同两个成分，谓语才用复数。2、 两个或两个以上的主语用and 和 both 连
31、接时，谓语用复数形式。3、 and 连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语用单数；若有，则用复数。如：My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。 My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。a.若 and 后面加 not, 谓语用单数。如：Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei赢了比赛，而不是我。b.用 and 连接的单数主语，前面有e
32、ach,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页8 c.复数主语前加each, 谓语仍用复数。d.no 后面名词为单数，谓语用单数；后为复数，谓语用复数。三、 毗邻一致由 not onlybut also,neithernor ,eitheror ,or 连接的并列主语，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语，在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如；Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都没错。Either he or you are to go ther
33、e.不是他就是你要到那儿去。（详见高一下册P155P156）（二）虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。一、 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。二、 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法（1）在状语从句中的用法1、 条件句中的用法虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词
34、的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下；a.表示与现在事实相反的情况形式条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be 的过去式一般用 were）I (we) should You (he,she , +动词原形或：they,it ) would 所有人称 +might(could)+动词原形用法： If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no m
35、ore time, so I shall not study German. ) If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.) If they didn t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises
36、every day, so they are very healthy.) b.表示与过去誓死相反的情况形式；条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词I (we) should You (he,she , +have+过去分词或：they,it ) would 所有人称 +could(might)+have+过去分词用法：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页9 I would have checked my paper again if I had h
37、ad more time at yesterday s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday s exam, so I didn t check my paper again) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didnt see the doctor in good time ,so he hasnt recovered from his illness ) c.表示与
38、将来事实相反的情况形式：条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式a.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式 （be 的过去式一般用were） 通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用b.If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should +动词原形c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+ 动词原形I (we) should You would +动词原形或：he(she,it ) would they would I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形用法： If it
39、 rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.) If it were to rain
40、 tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to + 动词原形，表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和 should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外” ，但 were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”) c.混合时间条件句的用法：有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。1） If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be run so fast.（从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。 ）（fact: she has t
41、rained very hard, so she would able to run fast.）2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去) （fact: You didnt practice (hasnt practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you cant speak English well enough.）2、 在其他状语从句中的用法主要用于由as i
42、f (as though) 引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式（ be 变 were ）或 had + 过去分词。”如：She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳 ) Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页10 （2） 、在主语从句中的用法：通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达。主语从句中，谓语动词用“should+ 动词原形” ；表示“必要” “重要”“奇怪”等意思。It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work.下班后你必须清扫车间。It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.在工作中，征求别人的意见是很重要的。（3）在宾语从句中的用法（略）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页
