2022年小学五年级英语语法详解与练习

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1、情态动词一、 can, (could 过去式）1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box? （体力）Mary can speak three languages. （知识）Can you skate? （技能）Can 只有一般现在时和一般过去式；2) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can h

2、old 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二should,1) should, 表示 应该 劝告、建议和命令。1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 1. You should go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测Should （客观推测）, m

3、ust (主观推测 )。1. He must be home by now. (断定他已到家 ) 2. He should be home by now.( 不太肯定 ) (一) 用适当的情态动词填空。1. Must I stand up? No, you _.2. _ I speak something? Yes, you _.3. _ I leave the park now? No, you _ stay here.4.My grandmother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.5._ you like some juice?6.

4、 They _ take more exercise.7. _ you tell me the way to the museum?8. The watch _ tell us the right time.9. _ you like to go boating with us?10. _ we play chess next weekend?( 二) 按要求改写句子。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页1. She can walk quickly.I _ _quickly . (否定句 )2.You have t

5、o finish the work now.（一般疑问句）_ I the work now? No, you _.3.They can paint the wall well.（一般疑问句）_ they _ the wall well? 4.Tom must carry the box into the room. （否定句）Tom _ _ carry the box into the room. 5. She should reach the station early.(否定句 ) She _ _ reach the station early. ( 三) 单项选择。（）1.you lik

6、e some bread ? A . Would B. Could C . Can（） 2. We throw the waste in the zoo.A. cant B. dont C.mustnt( ) 3. W e should more flowers, and we shouldnt cut any flowers. A. plant B. planting C. plants( ) 4.May I have some water? A.Yes,you have. B. Yes,you can. C. Yes,certainly. ( ) 5.Shall we work on th

7、e farm ? A.Yes,we do. B.Yes, we shall. B.All right.( ) 6.Would you have something to announce? A.Yes,we would. B.Yes, Id like . C.Yes, of course. ( ) 7.Can I help you? A.Yes,you can. B.No,I can do it. C.Yes.Id like some oranges.人称代词和物主代词要点归纳：人称代词I like you. 我喜欢你。You like me. 你喜欢我。He likes her. 他喜欢她。

8、She likes him. 她喜欢他。We like you. 我们喜欢你们。You like us. 你们喜欢我们。They like us. 他们喜欢我们。We like them. 我们喜欢它们。上面这些简单的句子里， like 前面的人称代词都是主格，你可以把like 换成别的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页动词，比如 play with（和玩）、look at （看着）等等，读着玩玩儿，你认为哪个动词好玩就换成哪个。形容词性物主代词有：my 我的、your 你的、his 他的、her 她的、its 它

9、的、our我们的、 your 你们的、 their 他们的。之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面。物主则表示它们是物的主人。如：我们的老师 our teacher 、我的汽车 my car、你的裤子 your trousers、他的风筝 his kite、她的椅子 her chair、它的腿 its legs、你们的学校 your school、她们的聚会 their party。名词性物主代词有 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 依次表示我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他（她、它）们的。注意除了mine每个

10、单词后面都有一个“s” 。因为他们本身是名词性， 所以后面不能再跟名词， 否则就犯了重复的错误。 比如我们可以说 my book,但不能说 mine book；her dress而不是 hers dress 。This is my book. The book is mine. 这是我的书。这书是我的。That is your desk. That s yours. 那是你的课桌。那是你的。This is his cup. Its his. 这是他的杯子。是他的。That is her skirt. The skirt is hers. 那是她的短裙。那短裙是她的。Thats its bana

11、na. The banana is its. 那是它的香蕉。那香蕉是它的。This is our classroom. Its ours. 这是我们的教室。是我们的。This is their basketball. Its theirs. 这是他们的篮球。是他们的。- 主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词- 一单I 我me我my 我的mine 我的- 一复we 我们us 我们our 我们的ours我们的- 二单you 你you 你your 你的yours你的- 二复you 你们you 你们your 你们的yours你们的- 三单he他him 他his他的his 他的- she她her她

12、her 她的hers她的- it 它it 它its 它的its 它的- 三复they 他们them 他们their 他们的theirs他们的- 一主格 ( I you he she it we you they ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页1. 在句子中可以作主语，放于句首，后接动词。 (1) _ am a student. (2) _ comes from China , but _ comes from American. (3) _ is my aunt. 二宾格 ( me you him her

13、it us you them ) 1. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，动词之后。 (1) The boy in the photo is _. (2) Let _ to play football. (3) We often go to visit _. 2. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，介词之后。 (1) The pen of _ is the same with _. (2) Come with _. (3) The teacher wants you to return that book of _. 3. 人称代词作表语时 , 一般用宾格 , 特别是在日常会话中。“Who is kn

14、ocking at the door? ” “Its _. ” -“谁在敲门 ?” -“是我。”三形容词性物主代词 ( my your his her it our your their ) 1. 形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。(1) _ book is over there. (2) I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. (3) Tell Tom not to forget _ book. 四 名 词性 物 主 代词( mine yours his hers its ours yourrs theirs) 1. 名词性物主代词在句中

15、独立使用，即不后接名词， 其句法作用相当于一个名词, 即“形容词性物主代词 +名词”。 (1) My bag is bigger than _. =My bag is bigger than _ _. (2) _ is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。（用作主语，一般用于正式文体）(3) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use _? 我忘了带词典，我可以用一下你的吗？（用作动词的宾语）(4) He wasnt in my room. He might be in _. 他（刚才）不在我的房间。他可能在自己的房间。（

16、用作介词的宾语）(5) Whose book is this? It s _. 这是谁的书？是她的。（用作表语）(6) Jack is a friend of _. 杰克是我的一个朋友。（用于双重所有格）2. 名词性物主代词用作主语时，谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页(1)Is this pencil _ or _? It s _. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) - 这支铅笔是你的还是她的？是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。 3 用于 of

17、 后面。He visited a friend of _ yesterday. 综合练习：一、用适当的人称代词填空1.2. China is a developing country. _ lies in the east of Asia. 2.Professor Wang sets _ a good example. We must learn from _. 3.4. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday. 4.How far is the thunder ? _ is three kilometers away. 5.I own a blue bike.

18、The red one doesnt belong to _. 6.These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive. 7._ say that those old houses will be rebuilt. 8.Is _ the milkman at the door? Yes, that s _. 9.The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? 10. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives

19、 with 11. _ and helps _ to prepare the lessons. 12. The ship is lying at anchor (停泊) . _ comes from Shanghai. 13. This photo of your mother is very much like her. I like _. 14. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at physics . 15. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? 16. Whats the weather

20、like today ? _ is cloudy. 二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. Can I have one of _ ? 2.George has lost _ pen. Ask Mary if （是否） she will lend him _ . 3.Jack has a dog and so have I. _ dog and _ had a fight (打架). 4.Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. 5.Mary w

21、ants to know if（是否） youve seen a pair of gloves of _ . 6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ . 三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their ，theirs) away. 2. (We ，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like

22、_(she，her，hers). 3. (I，Me ，My ，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me ，my ，mine)? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help _(he ，him，his)? 5. Her kite is broken. Can _(you，your ，yours) mend it? 6. We cant find our bikes. Can yo

23、u help _(we，us，our，ours)? 7. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me ，mine). B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1. This isnt her knife. _ is green. 2. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please. 3. You must look after _ things. 4. Wei Fang ，is that _ ruler? Yes，its. 5. They want a football.

24、 Give _ the green one，please. 6. Its Lin Taos bag. Give _ to _. 7. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No，_ is very new. 8. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. Dont worry，Let _ help _. 9. _ is a boy _ name is Mike. Mikes friends like _ very much. 10. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. 11. Jane is a

25、little girl. _ mother is a nurse. 12. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big. 13. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy 14. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? 四、用括号中的适当形式填空A) （1）Are these _ （you）pencils? Yes, they are _（our）. （2）Whose is this pencil? It s _（I ）. （3）I love _（they

26、）very much. （4）She is_ （I ）classmate. （5）Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother. （6）Are these _ （they ）bags ？No, they aren t _ （their ）. They are _ （we）. B) 1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ ( 她的)。2. This isnt my book. _( 我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarrelled among _（他们） . 4. You and I und

27、erstand _(彼此) perfectly. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页5. If there are _(一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me. 五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：1. Mary works in a book store. _ likes _ work very much. 2. John and I are in the same school. _ go to school together. 3. Eve

28、rybody likes that sport, do _? 4. She is a friend of _. We got to know each other two years ago. 5. Her sister makes all _ own dresses. 6. I have many friends. Some of _ are good at English. 7. May I use _ bike? _ is broken. 8. Everybody is here except Ann and _ friend Jane. _ are in the library now

29、. 六、选择填空1. Who s singing over there ? _ is Sandys sister. A.That B.It C.She D. This 2. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you 3. Between you and _, he is not a real friend. A. me B. I C. he D. his 4. My uncle bought a new b

30、ike for _. A. theirs B. they C. me D. I 5. Mr Smith often praises _ for his progress in studies. A. he B. him C. I D. me 6. - Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary. A. he B. it C. she D. its 7. Don t shake the young tree. _ leaves are falling off. You should look after _. A. I

31、t, its B. Its, it C. Its, it D. It, it 8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _. A. he B. his C. her D. him 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页9. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? Not _. A. I B. me C. mine D. he 10. Among those lovely to

32、ys, the brown toy dog was given by _. A. he B. his C. him D. hes 特殊疑问句 -对划线部分提问特殊疑问词意思用法What 什么对物体、东西、动作、提问When 什么时候对大概笼统时间提问What time 几点对具体时间点提问Where 哪里对地点提问Who 谁对人提问Whose 谁的对事物主人提问How 怎样对情况以及方式提问How many 多少对数量提问提问（可数的）How much 多少对数量或钱提问（不可数的）What color 什么颜色对颜色提问What day 星期几对星期几提问How old 多大了对年龄提问Wh

33、ats the date什么日期对日期的提问对划线部分提问的步骤：1. 根据划线部分的内容选择合适的特殊疑问词，（划线部分删去。）2. 将特殊疑问词放在句首，将原句中有be 动词或情态动词提到特殊疑问词后，第一人称改第二人称，大写改小写，句号改疑问号, 其他照抄。? She is a doctor.Who is she? 3. 如果原句中既没有be 动词也没有情态动词时，则借助于助动词do 或 does，（主语为第三人称单数时借助助动词does），大写改小写，句号变问号，第一人称改第二人称。（ 当主语为第三人称单数时，原句中的动词三单要还原。）注意：当划线部分为一个动作时，则确定用特殊疑问词w

34、hat，划线部分内容不能直接去删掉，而是用相应的do 或 doing 代替，当划线部分为一般现在时时，用 do 代替，当划线部分为现在进行时时，则用doing 代替。特殊疑问句练习：一、选择正确的单词填空 (who, where, when) 1._ is that pretty girl? She is my sister. 2._ are Jack and Tom? They are behind you. 3._ do you go to school? I go to school from Monday to Friday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳

35、总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页4._ has a beautiful flower? John has a beautiful flower. 5._ are they? They are my parents. 6._ is my mother? She is in the living room. 7._ are you going? We are going to the bakery(面包坊 ). 8._ do Jim and Wendy play ball? They play ball in the afternoon. 9._ does he jog?

36、He jogs in the park. 10._ are you from? Im from Changchun city. 二、就画线部分提问1.He is my father.2.They are under the tree.3.I often watch TV after dinner.(晚饭后 ) ( 提示：饭后强调的是时间问题。)4.Lily swims in the swimming pool.(游泳池 )5.Superman flies in the sky.6.I often brush my teeth in the evening.7.Alan likes to pla

37、y with Bill.8.Joes father plays badminton(羽毛球 ) every weekend.9.The supermarket is near the school.10.The laptop(笔记本电脑 ) is on the table.11.Jennifer has a pair of earrings(耳环).12.The flowers are in the flower pot(花盆).13.My grandpa took us to the zoo.14.I put the gold fish(金鱼) into the fish tank(鱼缸).

38、15.The monkey sleeps at night.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页三用 what time, what color, what day, what填空。1. A: _ _ is it? B: It is nine oclock. 2. A: _ _ does your mother get up? B: My mother gets up at 6:30. 3. A: _ _ do you go to bed? B: I go to bed at 10:00. 4. A: _ _ do

39、Diana and Fiona have supper? B: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00. 5. A: _ _is it? B: It is purple. 6. A: _ _ is the sky? B: The sky is blue. 7. A: _ _ is your coat? B: My coat is black. 8. A: _ _ is the dog? B: The dog is white. 9. A: _ _ is today? B: Today is Monday. 10. A: _ _ is tomorrow? B:

40、Tomorrow is Tuesday. 11. A: _ _ was yesterday(昨天)? B: Yesterday was Sunday. 12. A: _ _ do you like? B: I like red. 13. A: _ is this? This is a computer(电脑). 14. A: _ are you doing? B: We are playing basketball. 15. A: _ does your mother do? B: My mother is a policewoman. 16. A: _ are those? B: Those

41、 are peppers(辣椒). 17. A: _ is in the box? B: A lovely doll is in the box. 18. A: _ is on the table? B: The apple is on the table. 19. A: _ is in the classroom? The blackboard is in the classroom. 20. A: _ _ _? B: Mary is hungry. 21. A: _ _ _ _ _? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共

42、 14 页 B: My favorite color is pink. 22. A: _ _ _ _? B: Nick is playing table tennis. 四连线：（ Match）1. What s on the chair? There is a book in the bag. 2. How is your father? These are apples. 3. What are these? I go to school by bus. 4. What is in the bag? The radio is on the chair. 5. How do you go t

43、o school? My father is fine. 6. How much is it? I wash my face in the morning. 7. What time is it? I have two hands. 8. When do you wash your face? It is four oclock. 9. How many hands do you have? It is 5 RMB(人民币 ). 10.When do you have lunch? I have lunch at noon. 句型转换练习 : 一、按要求完成句子（要求：A：改为一般疑问句 B：

44、改为否定句）1. I am a student. A: B: 2. They are English cars. A: B: 3. This is a pencil-box. A: B: 4. Its name is Polly. A: B: 5. These are my English books. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页A: B: 6. I know his name. A: B: 7. Please look after your cat. A: B: 8. There is some mon

45、ey in the purse. A: B: 9. There are many apples on the tree. A: B: 10. You can go to have a look. A: B: 11. Come here, please. A B: 二、回答句子（ A：肯定回答 B：否定回答）1. Are you a teacher? A: B: 2. Is this your ruler? A: B: 3. Are those banana trees? A: B: 4. Is there a picture on the wall? A: B: 5. Are there an

46、y trees on the hill? A: B: 6. Can you see a bird in the sky? A: B: 7. Do you know Mr Wang? A: B: 三、单复数句变换 (把单数的句子变成复数，复数的变成单数 )：1. Is this your box? : 2. There is a boy in the picture. 3. That is his new book. 4. It is a Chinese car. 5. She is a woman worker. 6. We have many old pictures. 7. Are tho

47、se English books? 8. They are Japanese students. 9. Who are those men over there? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页10. They are some policemen. 四、将下列句子改为选择疑问句：1. Tom is in Class Three.（用 Class Two）_ Tom in Class Three _ Class Two? 2. Sam is eleven. （用 twelve ） _ Sam eleven _

48、 twelve? 3.Is she in Team Two? Is she in Team Three? （合并）4.The girl is Lucy.（用 Lily ）_ the girl Lucy _ Lily? 5. Your English teacher is a man.(用 a woman)_your English teacher a man _ a woman? 6. The tree is big.（用 small ）_ the tree big _ small? 7. My brother is a doctor. （用 a teacher ）_ your brother

49、 a doctor _ a teacher? 8. Those are apples. （用 pears ） _ those apples _ pears? 9. There are some sheep on the hill.（用 dogs）_ there _sheep or _ on the hill? 五、就划线部分提问：1. Your book is here. _ _ your book? 2. I m thirteen. 3. Bill is in Class Five. _ _ _Bill _? 4.She is in Row Nine. _ _ _ she _? 5. Tha

50、t s a map in English. _ _ in English? 6. Seven and eight is fifteen. _ _ seven and eight? 7. They are boxes? _ _ they? 8. The woman is Mrs. Read? _ _ the woman? 9. Mr. Zhang is at home. _ Mr. Zhang? 10.The flowers are near the window. _ _ the flowers? 11.The flowers near the window are purple. _ _ a

51、re purple? 12.The flowers near the window are purple. _ are purple? 13.Jack isnt at school today. _ isn t at school today? 14.There are some books under the tree. _ _ under the tree? 15.There are fifty books on the desk. _ _ _are there on the desk? 16.There is a child in the tree. _ _ _ are there in

52、 the tree? 17.My father is a doctor. _ is _ father? 18.He is fine. _ is he? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页19.He is five. _ _ is he? 20.Those apples are green. _ _ are those apples? 21.Those green apples are mine. _ _ are _? 22.These are their shoes. _ _ are these? 23. It

53、s twelve o clock now. _ _ _ _now? 24. Kate is Mr. Green s daughter. _ _ is Kate? 25.I like the pictures in this book. _ _you like in this book? 26.It s seven ten now. _ _ _ _now? 27.Li Leis uncle is a policeman. 28.I am Kate s brother. 29.Mr Green is an English teacher. 30.Aunt Sally is their Chinese teacher. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页