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1、学习必备欢迎下载被动语态( The Passive Voice )一主动语态与被动语态英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态( The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou .( 主动语态 ) Trains are made in Zhuzhou. ( 被动语态 ) 2.The farmers grow cotton every year. ( 主动语态 ) Cotton is grown by the farmers every
2、 year. ( 被动语态 ) 二、被动语态的用法以下三种情况要用被动语态1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者; 2. 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时; 3. 只需强调动作的承受者时。三、被动语态的构成:be + done (p.p.- 及物动词的过去分词)四、主动语态变被动语态的方法:1. 换: 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语变成被动语态中by 的宾语。2. 加: 被动语态中要增加be 和 by。3. 变: 主动语态变成被动语态后,谓语动词全都变成过去分词(done)形式。特别注意判断时态,并注意时态的相应变化。Eg: They make shoes in that fact
3、ory. The shoes aremade bythem in that factory. 五、不同时态的被动语态及句型变化:时态被动语态是(be)情助一般现在时am/is/are + done am/is are 一般过去时was/were + done was/were 现在进行时am/is/are +being + done am/is/are 过去进行时was/were +being + done was/were 一般将来时will/shall + be + done am/is are going to +be+done will am/is/are 过去将来时would/ sh
4、ould + be + done was/were +be+done would was/ were 现在完成时have/has + been + done have/has 过去完成时had + been + done had 现在完成进行时have/has been being done have/has 另:情态动词can/may/must等+be+done 情六、不能用于被动语态的情况: 1、某些表示 “ 静态 ” 的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作,而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)如 have,fit ,suit, hold(容纳), cost, suffer,last(持续)等不能用
5、于被动语态。如:They have a nice car他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。My shoes dont fit me 我的鞋不合适。My brain cant hold so much information at one time我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。How much What does it cost?这值多少钱?Our holiday lasts 10days 我们的假期有十天。This food will last ( them)( for) 3days这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。2、不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。如: They arrived at the st
6、ation 他们到达车站。(不说:The station was arrived at )3、动词 leave(离开), enter(进入), join(参加)不可用于被动语态。如:The car left the road and hit a tree 车子离开了道路,撞上了树。4、某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well , easily 等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open, close,lock,read,record 等。如:His new novel is selling well 他的新小说很畅
7、销。The cloth washes well 这布很耐洗。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载This material wont wear 这种材料不耐穿。His play wont act 他的戏剧不会上演。The window wont shut 这窗关不上。The door wont open 这门打不开。The door wont lock 这门锁不上。This poem reads well这首诗读来很好。5、feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 等由实意动
8、词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不可用于被动语态。如:Tell me if you feel cold 你要是感到冷就告诉我。Youre looking very unhappy? 你看来很不高兴。The soup tastes wonderful这汤味道好极了。Those roses smell beautiful那些玫瑰好闻极了。She appears to be friendly她看上去很友好。6、宾语是不定式或动词的-ing 形式时,不可用于被动语态。如:Peter hoped to meet her彼得希望遇见她。Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daug
9、hter 史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。7、宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态。如:She can dress herself 她可以自己穿衣服。We could hardly see each other in the fog 在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。8、宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时,不可用于被动语态。如:The old man broke his ( the old mans)legs那老人把自己的腿弄断了。The girl shook her ( the girls)head那女孩摇了摇头。9、某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1) 在 need,want,require,
10、deserve和 bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如:The house needs repairing(to be repaired)这房子需要修理。My clothes need washing (to be washed)我的衣服需要洗了。(2) 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如:The picture-book is well worth reading ( The picture-book is very worthy to be read
11、)这本画册很值得一读。Such a man as Mr. Smith is not worth helping ( Such a man as Mr. Smith is not worthy to be helped )像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。(3) 某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义a当 nice,easy,fit ,hard,difficult ,important ,impossible ,pleasant, interesting 等形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如:Japanese is not diff
12、icult to learn 日语并不难学。(指日语被学)The water is unfit to drink 这水不适合喝。(指水被喝)The piece of music is pleasant to hear这首音乐听起来很悦耳。(指音乐被听)This book is easy to read这本书读起来很容易。(指书被读)b当动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如:I have a lot of work to do today 我今天有很多工作要做。(work to do 指被做的工作)He has three children
13、to look after 他有三个孩子要照看。(children to look after 指孩子被照看)注意: 如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式,其含义有所区别。如: I have some clothes to be washed我有些要洗的衣服。(衣服不是自己洗)c在 there be句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动或被动式,其含义没有什么区别。如:There is a lot of homework to do. ( to be done)有很多家庭作业要做。There are some clothes to wash.(to be washed)有些衣服要洗。
14、(4) 由介词 for, on,above,under 等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如:His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoonHis paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon他的油画作品明天下午展出。七、注意:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载1、含双宾语的被动语态:直接宾语(物)和间接宾语(人)主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;把直接宾语改为主
15、动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to 或 for。如:He gave the boy an apple An apple was given to the boy 间接宾语作主语, The boy was given an apple Her father bought her a present A present was bought for her by her father She was bought a present by her father2、使役动词 (make, have, let) 和感官动词(see, look, watch, notice, listen, h
16、ear, feel, find) 后必省略 to, 但在被动语态中必须加上to。如:They watched the children sing that morning The children were watched to sing that morning 3、短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:We must take good care of the young trees The young trees must be taken good care of4、带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被
17、动语态中作主语补足语。如: We call him Xiao Wang He is called Xiao Wang He cut his hair shortHis hair w as cut short They told him to help me He was told to help me5、含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it 作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think ,report 等。如:People believe that he is ill It is
18、believed that he is ill (或: He is believed to be ill )练习一:1.They make shoes in that factory. _ 2.Lucy does the homework in the evening. _ 3.People speak English as the first language in UK. _ 4.They bought ten computers last term _ 5.He took good care of his little brother yesterday. _ 6.They used t
19、his room for resting. _ 7.They planted many trees several years ago. _ 练习二:1.Some workers are painting the room now. _ 2.The workers from Fujian were building the bridge at this time last year. _ 3.They are going to finish the work in ten days. _ 4.We will have a sports meeting next week. _ 5.The he
20、admaster was going to give a speech this afternoon. _ 6.The farmers would grow different kinds of vegetables the next spring. _ 7.When will Uncle Wang mend the TV set? _ 练习三:1.We have learned English for more than ten years _ 2.He had finished his homework when his mother came back. _ 3.Mary has bee
21、n collected stamps since she was seven years old. _ 4.He could fix up the broken bikes. _ 5.Lily might be reading the magazine in the library now. _ 6.You must turn off the lights. _ 7.Should they learn English well? _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载练习四:一单选( )1.The r
22、oom must _ every day. A. be keep cleaning B. be kept to clean C. kept clean D. be kept clean ( )2. Miss Lin said something _ into her bag. A. was put B. will put C. is put D. put ( )3. Every student _ about it. A. tells B. told C. has told D. was told ( )4. Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998? A
23、. was written by B. was written C. is written by D. is written ( )5. When your work _ , you _ go swimming. A. was done, can t B. is done, mustn t C. was done, may D. is done, may( )6. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C. be st
24、opped to cut D. be stopped from cutting ( )7. A strange man was seen _ the shop with a heavy bag. A. come out of B. to come out of C. came out of D. to come out ( )9. It was Tom s birthday yesterday. Many presents _ him. A. were given B. were given to C. was given by D. was given for ( )10.This kind
25、 of book _ well.They _ already. A. sells, have been sold out B. are sold, are sold out C. sells, sells D. is sold, are sold out 练习五:(中考真题)A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given: 1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France _(beat) by a new teamSenegal. 2. Ho
26、w many fridges_ (produce) in China in the last two years? 3. No dictionary should _(bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! 4. That day each of us_(give) ten dollars after we finish the work. 5. They _(warn 警告 ) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. B) Multiple Choice:
27、( ) 1. Please don t stand up in class until you_. A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told ( ) 2. Please tell me when_on the wall. A. has this map hung B. was this map hung C. this map has hung D. this map was hung ( ) 3. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he _the hospi
28、tal. A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn t return( ) 4. They won t be back until the work _. A. do B. does C. is done D. will do ( ) 5. The medicine _ cool, clean and dry.A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in ( ) 6. Where re the old houses here?-Oh, they_by t
29、he end of last century, and a new tall building_here soon. A. have been pulled down; is going to be built B. were pulled down; will be built C had been pulled down; is going to be built D. had been built; is going to be pulled down ( ) 7. You can t leave now. There are still twenty more trees _. A.
30、to plant B. being planted C. plant D. to be planted ( ) 8. Where s your car? -There s something wrong with it and it _ in the garage now. C) Put the following into English: 1. 近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星。Several man-made satellites _ in Xichang in the past five years. 2. 请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?Would you please tell me_? 3. 那个博物馆是八年前建造的。That museum _. 4. 必须采取措施阻止人们砍伐树木。_to stop people from cutting trees down. 5. When he got there, he found all the food_( 都吃光了 ). 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页