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1、1 / 11 2011 年考研英语一真题及答案汇总Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_some claim
2、s to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the
3、 way, say, walking or jogging does. _6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily rea
4、ction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individual s emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was ar
5、gued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the
6、 University of w rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in
7、 a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike 2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate D
8、observe 5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11.AExcept for BAccording to CD
9、ue to DAs for 12.Awith Bon Cin Dat 13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页2 / 11 18.Aadapted Bcatere
10、d Cturned Dreacted 19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
11、1. (40 points) Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray!
12、 At last! ”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “ an unpretentious musician
13、 with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whet
14、her Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my c
15、omputer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, da
16、nce troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances 。 moreover, they can be “consumed”
17、 at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on recor
18、d. Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orches
19、tra s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract. 21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert s appointment has Aincurred criticism. Braised suspicion. Cre
20、ceived acclaim. Daroused curiosity. 22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页3 / 11 Ainfluential. Bmodest. Crespectable. Dtalented. 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances. Breje
21、ct most kinds of recorded performances. Cexaggerate the variety of live performances. Doverestimate the value of live performances. 24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality. BThey are easily accessible to the genera
22、l public. CThey help improve the quality of music. DThey have only covered masterpieces. 25. Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Adoubtful. Benthusiastic. Cconfident. Dpuzzled. Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his expl
23、anation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision, ” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time
24、with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee
25、isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business envi
26、ronment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards st
27、uck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attrac
28、tive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: ”I can t think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. ”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram
29、 quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页4 / 11 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally
30、 took that post at a major financial institution three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “ The traditional rule was it s safer to stay where you are, but thats bee
31、n fundamentally inverted, ” says one headhunter. “ The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant. Bfrank. Cself-centered. Dimpulsive. 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives qu
32、itting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status. Btheir need to reflect on their private life. Ctheir strained relations with the boards. Dtheir pursuit of new career goals. 28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of. Battended to. Chunted fo
33、r. Dguarded against. 29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts. Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated. Ctop performers care more about reputations. Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules. 30. Which of the following is the best t
34、itle for the text? ACEOs: Where to Go? BCEOs: All the Way Up? CTop Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media such as television commercials and prin
35、t advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “ owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad
36、range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketer s owned media become another marketers paid media for instance,
37、when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with ret
38、ailers 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页5 / 11 and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Beside
39、s generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that ha
40、ve provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage
41、 to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens, passionate consumers would try
42、to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earl
43、ier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg. 31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain
44、 Web sites. B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. C eager to help their friends promote quality products. D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature A a safe business environment. B random competition. C strong user traf
45、fic. D flexibility in organization. 33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers. B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing. C may be responsible for fiercer competition. D deserve all the negative comments about them. 3
46、4. Toyota Motor s experience is cited as an example of A responding effectively to hijacked media. B persuading customers into boycotting products. C cooperating with supportive consumers. D taking advantage of hijacked media. 35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ? A Alternatives to c
47、onventional paid media. B Conflict between hijacked and earned media. C Dominance of hijacked media. D Popularity of owned media. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页6 / 11 Text 4 Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Chil
48、dren, I Hate My Life, ” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefi
49、ne happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe
50、n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock, as well as t
51、he usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands. In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you suppo
52、rt kitten-killing ? It doesnt seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important
53、thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According
54、 to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on 。 yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with
55、 round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake. Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-fre
56、e, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 36.Jennifer Senior suggests in
57、her article that raising a child can bring Atemporary delight Benjoyment in progress Chappiness in retrospect Dlasting reward 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that Acelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention. Cnews about pregnant celebrities i
58、s entertaining. Dhaving children is highly valued by the public. 38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 11 页7 / 11 Aare constantly exposed to criticism. Bare largely ignored by the media. Cfail to fulfill their social responsibilit
59、ies. Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life. 39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is Asoothing. Bambiguous. Ccompensatory. Dmisleading. 40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? AHaving children contributes little to the glamour
60、of celebrity moms. BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. DWe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing. Part B Directions: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you a
61、re required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusia
62、sm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their deg
63、rees. B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities w
64、ant their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “ general education”should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “ the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort
65、 of social glue. C Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departme
66、nts awarded more bachelor s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. D One reason why it is hard to design
67、 and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end
68、 up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. E Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
69、 7 页,共 11 页8 / 11 professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a d
70、octoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not tr
71、ansferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. F The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academ
72、ics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. ”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic. ”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say. G The subtle an
73、d intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Mena
74、nd, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully. G 41. 42. E 43. 44. 45. Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) With its theme t
75、hat “ Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. (46) Allen s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we th
76、erefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless。 this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much ac
77、tion as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that d
78、o not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are. ” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement 。 you don t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter. Part of the fame of Allens book is its conte
79、ntion that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him. ” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a
80、 subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel t
81、hat we have been “wronged” then 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页9 / 11 we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. The s
82、obering aspect of Allen s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us。 where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possib
83、le. Section Writing Part A 51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING ” instead. Do no
84、t writer the address.(10 points) Part B 52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain it s intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2011
85、 年考研英语一真题参考答案客观题Section I Use of English CDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADAC Section II Reading Comprehension Part A DBDBA BDCAC DCBAA CCDDB Part B 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.F 翻译题:46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设-因为我们不是机器人,因此我们能够控制我们的理想。47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉,但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题,为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名,也能合理说明剥削,
86、以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。49、环境似乎是为了发挥我们的优势,而且如果我们感觉受了委屈,那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置,知道所有事情都取决与我们自己,之前我们是受到一系精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页10 / 11 列限制的专家,现在我们成了权威作文51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1) recommend one of your favorite movies a
87、nd 2) give reasons for your recommendation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ”Li Ming ”instead. Do not write the address.(10points) 小作文范文:Dear friends: I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, If Y
88、ou Are The One, with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life。For one thing, it s storyline is very tight and characters language is classic and thought-provoking. For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with prof
89、ound cultural background and, above all, enrich your daily life。Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie. I am looking forward to your early reply。Yours, Li Ming 52、 Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following draw
90、ing .In your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended measing and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points) Our surroundings are being polluted fast and mans present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more
91、people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence 。Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and more people, we can still see many u
92、npleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to throw rubbish everywhere. In addition, the e
93、nvironmental management system isn t so satisfying. For example, in some places there re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually 。From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures. In the first place, we should continue to conduc
94、t more propaganda in communities and schools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment. In the second, more rules should be made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying environment. People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 11 页11 / 11 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 11 页