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1、学习必备欢迎下载代词（用法和练习题）【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一 . 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him? （作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door? -It s me. 4.人称代词在than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和
2、宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am. 二. 物主代词1.表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our scho
3、ol is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）三 . 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these， those。1. this 和 these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和 those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil
4、We are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time 2. 有时 that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和 these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 或 those 代替，例如：Television sets made i
5、n Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载四. 反身代词英语中用来表示我自己 ，你自己 ，他自己 ， 我们自己 ，你们自己 ，他们自己 等意义的代词称为反身代词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动
6、作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或同一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes （=I washed the clothes myself. ） （作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself （作宾语同位语
7、）五 . 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与 any 的区别1） some多用于肯定句，表示“ 一些，几个 ” 作形容词时，后面可以接可数名词或不可数名词。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“ 一些，任何 ” 用作形容词时，后面可以接可数名词或不可数名词。If you have any ques
8、tions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载Have you got any tea? 3）any 和 some 也可以作代词用，表示 “ 一些 ” 。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some 多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture? - I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend y
9、ou some. 注意 ：与 some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any 的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. H
10、e is lonely. They had little money with them.They are very hungry. 2） a little 和 little 也可以用作副词，a little 表示 “ 有点，稍微 ” ，little 表示 “ 很少 ” 。Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night. 3. other, the o
11、ther, another, others, the others的区别。用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another 另一个others 别人，其他人another (boy) 另一个（男孩）other (boys) 其他男孩特定the other 另一个the others 其余那些人、物the other (boy) 另一个男孩the other (boys) 其余那些男孩含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few 虽少，但有几个few 不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little 不多，没有什么精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师
12、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载1）other 可以作形容词用，后面一般跟复数名词，意思是“ 其他的、别的” 。Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2） other 也可以用作代词，与冠词the 连用构成 “the other”，它表示两个人或物中的“ 另一个 ” 。常与one 搭配构成 “ one ., the other .” 句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5
13、 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other hand. 3）other 作代词用时， 可以有复数 “ others”，泛指 “ 另外的人或物” 。常与 some 搭配构成 “ some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4） “ the others”表示特指某范围内的“ 其他的人或物” 。We
14、got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“ 另一个，又一个” 。You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? 6） another 也可以作代词用，表示“ 另一个 ” 。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me a
15、nother. 4. every 与 each的区别。each着重 “ 个别 ” 。every 着重 “ 全体 ” ，毫无例外。当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child 和 every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与all 接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes play
16、ing. = All children like playing. 5. all 和 both 的用法。1）all 指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）= We all like Mr Pope. ( 作同位语 ) All the water has been used up. (作主语 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载Thats all fo
17、r today. ( 作表语 ) Why not eat all (of) the fish? ( 作宾语 ) All the leaders are here. (作定语 ) 2） both 作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“ 两个都 ” 。Lucy and Lily both agree with us. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 与 “ of +代词（或名词）” 连用，表示 “ 两者都 ” 。Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting
18、. 单独使用，表示“ 两者（都） ” 。Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3） both 用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“ 两者都 ” 。Both his sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street. 六 . 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和 one another 两种形
19、式。在当代英语中，each other 和 one another 没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another.（作宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books.（作定语）七 . 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what 和 which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中
20、作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载Whose umbrella is this? (作定语 ) Whom are you waiting for? ( 作宾语 ) 八 .关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语 ,宾语 ,定语 . 在主句
21、中 ,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little. I m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster? 【实例解析】1. (20XX 年北京市中考试题) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 答案： D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法
22、。在本题中，动词show 的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。2. (20XX 年北京市中考试题) -What s on TV tonight? Is there _ interesting?-I m afraid not.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案： B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。3. (20XX 年上海徐汇区中考试题) _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Ea
23、ch 答案： D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both 和 Some 都不对。 Every不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。4. (20XX 年安徽省中考试题) -Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载答案： A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选 y
24、ours。【中考演练】一 . 单项填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when I m hungry.A. other B
25、.another C. others D. the other 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight with SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. I d like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both
26、 D. None 6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours 7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. I m free today and tomorrow.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work hard
27、er than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 10. -Is _ here? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybod
28、y B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 12. If you want to book a round- trip ticket, you ll have to pay _ $ 30.A. more B. other C. the other D. another 13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two
29、sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either 14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith?
30、 A. you; it B.you; he C. your; it D. your; that 16. - That woman has a bag in her right hand. What s in her _ hand?A. another B. other C. one D. the other 17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? - I m afraid ther
31、e s _ bus to the zoo.A. no B. any C. some D. none 19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 20. This is _ classroom. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 二 . 用所给代词的适当形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 2. Trees a
32、re planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. -Is that bike Miss Gao s?-Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isn t it?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack. 5. -Who taught your brother to surf?
33、-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he). 6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England. 7. Mary s answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. 9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)? 10. Did you enjoy _
34、(you), Mary and Kate? 三 . 用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher. 2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games. 3. Let s go and have a drink. We ve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, bu
35、t _ of us would like to have a rest. 5. _ of the twins are in our class. 6. Boys, don t touch the machines, or you may hurt _. 7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news. 8. We couldn t buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didn t learn _ new in this le
36、sson.10. -Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _ country. 四 . 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空1. _ is the population of the world today? 2. _ jumped the longest of all in the long jump? 3. - _ colour is your mother s dres
37、s?-It s black.4. -_ is your car? -The red one in front of the tree. 5. -_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? -I know, sir. It s instruction.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载6. The necklace _ she is wearing is beautiful. 7. Do you know the perso
38、n _ lost his bike? 8. Most people _ live in less developed countries are quite poor. 9. The boy _ is helping the old man is John s brother.10. People _ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful. 代词【练习答案 】一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9. C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.D 17
39、.C 18.A 19.C 20.C 二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves 三. 1.the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her 四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页
