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1、精品资料欢迎下载情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词有四类:只做情态动词: must,can(could),may(might)可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,will 具有情态动词特征: have(had,has) to,used to,ought to 情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must 一肯, can not 一否,may ,might ,could ,三不定。)注:mustnt代表强烈禁止 must 表示主观, h
2、ave to 表示客观。常用的有: can may could must have use . 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加not 。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词表推测的用法小结(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式1在肯定句中一般用must (一定), can,could (可能), might /may (也许,或许)。e.g:(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to
3、this question. 他一定 / 可能/ 也许知道这个问题的答案。(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。2否定句中用 cant / couldnt (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。e.g:(1)It cant/couldn t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长,他去美国了。(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识
4、那位科学家。3疑问句中用 can/could (能 ?)。e.g:(1)Could he have finished the task? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载他可能把任务完成了吗?注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might,could并非 may,can 的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态1对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形 ”。e.g:(1)She must / may / might / could arrive
5、before 5. 5:00 前她一定 / 可能/ 也许到。2对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词+ be”,“情态动词+be doing ”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。e.g:(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定 / 可能/ 也许正在听收音机。(2) He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能 / 可能不在家。3对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。e.g:(1)It
6、 must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定 / 可能/ 也许下雨了。(2) The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能 / 可能不在家。注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:(4) It s seven o clock.
7、 Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)(5)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm. (虚拟)汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。can 和 could 表示推测的用法对现在或将来的推测,两者均可用,但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;对过去的推测,应在 can,could 之后接动词的完成式,且此时 can 仍只用于否定句
8、或疑问句,不用于肯定句;而could 则可用于各种句型。如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载Can Could this be true? 这能是真的吗Where can could he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢She cant couldnt have left so soon. 她不可能走得这么早。注:could 后接动词的完成式,除表示对过去的推测外,还可表示过去没有实现的可能性(即某事本来可以发生,却没发生),或委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做(此时不用can)。如:Y
9、ou could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You neednt have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw. 你其实可以不煮熟(它),我们(本来)可以生吃。can 和 could 表示允许的用法表示现在的允许时,若是请求别人允许自己做某事,两者均可用,但用could 语气更委婉;若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只用 can ,而不用 could 。如:Can Could I come in? 我可以进来吗“Could Can I use your pen? ” “Yes,of course you c
10、an.” “我可以借用你的钢笔吗 ?”“当然可以。”(不能说Yes,you could.) 表示过去的允许时,若表示过去一般性允许(即表示某人随时都可以做某事),用could ;若表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动,则不用 could 。如:When I lived at home,I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时,想什么时候看电影就可以什么时候看。(一般性允许)I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。(特定的允许,不能用 could) ca
11、n 和 could 表示能力的用法can 表示现在的能力, could 表示过去的能力, 要表示将来具备的能力通常 be able to 的将来时态。其中要注意的是, could 表示过去的能力, 通常只用于表示过去一般性能力,而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的能力。如:他学习很努力,所以考试能及格。误:He studied hard and could pass the exam. 正:He studied hard and was able to pass the exam. 注:若在否定句中没有以上限制,即couldn t 可表示过去特定情况下的能力,如可说 He studied
12、 hard but still couldnt pass the exam.口诀:情态动词两特点精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载动词原形接后面, 说话语气较委婉。 can 能力may许可 ,must责任或义务 。否定回答 neednt换, 需要need, dare敢。should 应该,would 愿 ,have to 被迫表客观。情态动词专项练习题1. - Where is Mary? - She _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can b
13、e D. must have been 2. His room is dark. He must _ to bed. A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone 3. “ Will your father stay home tonight?”“I m not sure, He _to work.”A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going 4. “ Where is Tom?” “ He isn t here I think he _ have gone home.”A. may
14、 B. must C. might D. A or B or C 5. “ I think Helen is at home.”“ No, she _ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.”A. mustn t B. needn t C. can t D. darent6. He s late. What _ have happened to him? A. can B. may C. should D, must 7. “ _ he be watching TV now?”Yes, he _
15、 be watching TV now.”No, he _ be watching TV now.”A. Must; can; mustn t B. Can; must; cantC. Must; must; can t D. Can; can; mustnt8. “ _. He have left yesterday?”Yes, he _ yesterday.”No, he _ yesterday.”A. Must; must have left; can t have left B. Can; can have left; can t have left C. Can; must have
16、 left; can t have left D. May; must have left; shouldn t have left9. You must be a writer, _ you? A. mustn t B. areC. must D. arent10. You must have seen her yesterday, _ you? A. mustn t B. haventC. didn t D. don t11. You must have seen her, _ you? A. haven t B. didnt C. don t D. A or B12. There was
17、 plenty of time. She _ worried or hurried. A. mustn t have B. shouldn t have C. must be D. needn t have精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载13. I got up early, but I _ so because I had no work to do that morning. A. mustn t have done B. didn t need to doC. needn t have don
18、e D. can t have done14. I _ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m. A. needn t have got B. didn t need to getC. shouldn t have got D. can t have got15. The flower is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given 16. He _ have come here yes
19、terday, but he didn t.A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C 17. “ Must he do it?” “No, he _.”A. mustn t B. needn tC. doesn t have to D. B or C18. “ Need you go now?”“Yes, I _.” “ No, I _.”A. need; needn t B. must; neednt C. may; mustn t D. can; neednt19. “ May I borrow your bike?”“No, you _.
20、”A. mustn t B. may notC. had better not D. can t20. “ Can I do it?”“No, you _.” or “ No, please _.”A. can t; doesn t B. can t; dontC. can t; can t D. can t; you dont21. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to 22. We _ hurry if we want to arrive in time. A.
21、must B. need C. may D. have to 23. He ought to have won the first prize, _ he? A. oughtn t B. shouldnt C. mustn t D. oughtn t to24. He _ get up early when he lived in the countryside. A. would B. used to C. mustn t D. can t25. My brother _ be very naughty, and my sister _ like reading. A. used to; w
22、ould B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would 26. _ you please pass on a message to him? A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will 27. _ we set off now? A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought 28. “ _ he open the window?”Yes, please.”A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would 29. I ve told him many times, but he
23、 _ listen to my advice.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载A. shall not B. won tC. will not D. wouldnt30. “ Will you lend me a hand? ”“Yes, I _.”A. will B. shall C. can D. may 31. Everyone _ do his best for the modernization of China. A. will you B. don t weC. shall we D.
24、 do you 32. Let s clean our room, _?A. will you B. don t weC. shall we D. do you 33. Let us watch TV, _? A. will you B. don t weC. shall we D. do you 34. Close the door after you, _ you? A. don t B. doC. shall D. will 35. Every time he meets me, he _ to me. A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile D. is smiling 答案1-5 BCCDC 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 DDBDB 21-25 DDDDC 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CCADC 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页