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1、学习必备欢迎下载初中英语常用词组归类复习一、动词习惯用语和固定搭配以 a 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. ask for 请求 ; 寻求2. ask . for 向要3. ask for leave 请假4. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉5. arrive at/in a place 到达某处6. agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见以 b 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. be back/in/out 回来 /在家 /外出2. be at home/work 在家 /上班3. be good at 善于,擅长于4. be careful
2、 of 当心,注意,仔细5. be covered with 被复盖6. be ready for 为作好准备7. be surprised at. 对感到惊讶8. be interested in 对感兴趣9. be born 出生10. be on 在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着11. be able to do sth. 能够做12. be afraid of sth (to do sth.) 害怕 (不敢做 ) 13 .be afraid that. 恐怕14. be angry with sb. 生某人的气15. be pleased with. 对感到高兴(满意 )16. be fam
3、ous for 以而著名17. be strict in sth./with sb. 对某事严格要求/对人严格要求 . 18. be from 来自,什么地方人19. be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了 /渴了 /累了20. be worried/serious about 为担心 /担忧21. be (well) worth doing (非常 ) 值得做22. be covered with 被所覆盖23. be in (great) need of (很) 需要24. be in trouble 处于困境中25. be glad to do sth. 很高兴做26. b
4、e late for 迟到27. be made of /from. 由制成精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载28. be satisfied with 对感到满意29. be free 空闲的,有空30. be ill in bed 卧病在床31. be busy doing /with. 忙于做 /忙于32. be careful with 小心33. be sorry for 对感到遗憾34. be good/ bad for 对有好处 /害处35. be harmful for 对 有害36
5、. be helpful to sb 对有帮助的37. be kind to sb /be friendly to sb 对某人友好38. be poor /weak in sth 在薄弱39. be different from / be not the same as 和 .不同40. be like 像41. be short for的缩写42.be short of 缺少43. be close to /near to /next to sp 在附近44. be familiar to 对熟悉45. be similar to 相似46. be fond of 喜欢47. be kee
6、n on 热衷于48. be the pride of /be proud of 以为骄傲49. be able to / can ,could do 能做某事50. be full of / be filled with 充满51. be used for doing sth / be used to do sth 被用来做某事52.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事53. be away from sp 离开某地54. be sure of / that-clause 确信某事55.be sure to do sth 务必做某事56. be made of /from
7、由什么制成57.be made by/in 被某人制做 / 产于某地58.be made into 制成什么59.be made up of 由组成60. be excited about doing sth 做某事情感到兴奋61. be of average height 具有平均身高62. be for sb /be against sb 赞成 /反对某人63. be on everyone s lips 很受欢迎 /挂在某人嘴边上64. be connected with /to sth 被连接到65. be over 结束66. be thankful to sb. 对某人很感激精选学
8、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载67. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事68. break out 爆发69. break into 闯入 , 破门而入以 c 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. catch up with/keep up with 赶上2. catch/ get hold of 抓住3. call on 拜访4. care for 照顾 ; 喜欢5. carry out 执行6. changeinto变成7. change ones mind 改变主意8. cat
9、ch a cold/ have a cold 着凉,伤风9. come to know 知道10. come to life 显得逼真 ; 苏醒11. come back 回来12. come down 下来13. come in 进入,进来14. come on 快,走吧,跟我来15. come out 出来 , (书等)出版,发行16. come out of 从出来17. come up 上来18. come from 来自19. come along 沿着来, 出现 , 发生20. come over 过来21. come up with 赶上;想出(主意);找出(答案)22. com
10、e to an end 结束23. come across 被理解 ; 遇见24. come true 实现25. communicate with 与交流26. compare with 与比较27. congratulate on 祝贺28. cover an area of 占地面积29. cut down 砍倒30. check in 办理登机以 d 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. deal with 处理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载2. depend on 依靠 ,依赖3. die
11、 of 因病而死4. do eye exercises 做眼保健操5. do well in在某方面干得好6. do with处置 ,处理7. do ones best 尽最大努力8. do sb. a favor 帮助某人9. do some shopping 买东西10. do morning exercises 做早操11. do a survey of 做调查12. do ones lessons/homework 做功课 /回家作业13. do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读14. do some cooking/cleaning. 做饭菜 /大扫除
12、.15. do a good deed (good deeds) 做一件好事 (做好事 )16. dream o f 梦见17. dress up 穿着打扮以 e 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. eat up 吃完,吃光2. enjoy doing sth./ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事/ 喜欢干某事3. enter for 报名参加4. enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事5. eat up 吃光 , 吞噬6. earn one s life 谋生7. enjoy oneself 过得愉快以 f 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. fall down fro
13、m sp 从某处掉下来2. fall off 从 .跌落跌落3. find out 发现,查出 (真相等 . 4. finish off 吃完,喝完5. fill with fill with 用填充6. fill in 填充 , 填写7. feel like doing 想要;感觉要8. find out 找出 ;查明 ;了解9. finish off 吃完 ; 喝完精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载以 g 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. get along / on (with) 进展;与.相
14、处2. get back 返回3. get in 进入 ; 收获;收集4. get in the way 挡道5. get off 下车6. get on 上车7. get into /out of car/ taix 上/下车8. get ready for 为作准备9. get married 结婚10. get tired of 对感到厌倦11. get to 到达12. get together 相聚;联欢13. get up 起床14. get everything ready 把一切都准备好15. get ready for =be ready for. 为作好准备16. get
15、on (well) with 与相处 (融洽 )17. get sth from sp /get help from sb 从某人 /某地得到某物18. get rid of 除掉,去除 ;摆脱19. get there 到达那里20. get mad 变疯21. get a chance to do 得到做某事的机会22. get dressed 打扮23. give in 屈服24. give out 分发25. give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力26. give up (doing sth.) 放弃 (做某事 ) 27. give a message to给一个口信28. g
16、ive sb. a chance 给一次机会29. give sb. a call 给打电话30. give a talk 作报告31. give a lecture (a piano concert) 作讲座 (举行钢琴音乐会) 32. give back=return 归还,送回33. give some advice on 给一些忠告34. give lessons to 给上课35. go away 逃离 ; 离去36. go for a swim 去游泳37. go (out) for a walk (外出 )去散步38. go home 回家精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
17、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载39. go in for 参加 ;从事于 ;酷爱40. go wrong 出错41. go off 响铃42. go well 进展顺利43. go bad 变糟糕44. go down=sink 沉下45. go abroad 出国46. go after sb = follow sb 跟着某人47. go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧48. go to the cinema 看电影49. go to bed 睡觉50. go to school (college) 上学 (上大学 ) 51.
18、 go to the hospital 去医院看病52. go over /revise /do some revision 过一遍,复习53. go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼 /滑冰 /游泳 /买东54. (the lights) go out (灯) 熄灭55. go round 顺便去,绕道走56. go up 走上前去57. go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼58. go on doing 继续做59. go on with ones work 继续某人的工作60. go on a picnic 去野餐61. go
19、on a diet 实行节食62. go over 复习 ;仔细地再读一遍63. go sightseeing 去观光64. go to (the) hospital 去医院 (看病 )65. go to sleep 入睡66. grow up 成年 ;长大以 h 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. happen to do 碰巧做2. hand in 交上来3. hand out 分发4. have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课 /开会5. have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球 )赛6. have
20、 dictation 听写7. have a try 试一试8. have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴9. have a lecture (a piano concert. 听讲座 (听钢琴音乐会 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载10. have a report (talk) on 听一个关于的报告11. have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭 /午饭 /晚饭12. have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭 (三餐饭 )1
21、3. have a dinner 吃正餐14. have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶15. have (have got) a headache 头痛16. have a fever 发烧17. have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽 (感冒 ) 18. have a look (at) 看一看 ( )19. have a rest (a break. 休息一会儿 (工间或课间休息. 20. have a talk 谈话21. have a swim/walk 游泳 /散步22. have sports 进行体育锻炼23. have a
22、 sports meet (meeting. 开运动会24. have something done 让人 /请人做25. have a test/an exam 测验 /考试26. have an idea 有了个主意27. had better do sth. (had better not do sth.) 最好做 (最好不要做) 28. have a word with 与说句话29. have fun with 玩得高兴30. have fun doing玩得高兴31. have (got) to 不得不32. have no idea 不清楚33. have pity on sb.
23、 怜悯某人34. have sports 进行体育活动35. have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水, (一杯茶 )36. hold on 等一等 (别挂电话 )37. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸38. hold up 举起39. hurry off 匆忙离开40. hurry up 赶快;快点41. help sb. with sth. /do sth. 在方面帮助帮助做42. help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉43. help each other 互相帮助44. h
24、ear sb do /doing sth 听到某人做过/正做45. hear from 收到来信46. hear of 听说47. (sth.) happen to sb. 发生到某人身上48. hold a meting 举行会议精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载49. hold up 举起以 k 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. keep doing sth. 继续做某事2. keep up with 跟上,不落后于3. keep silent/quiet 保持沉默 /安静4. keep sb.
25、 doing sth. 使一直做5. keep ones diary 记日记7. keep fit 保持健康8. keep. from 使不做9. keep in touch (with) (与 )保持联系10. keep off 阻挡 ;不让接近11. keep sb. busy 让某人忙个不停12. knock at 敲(门、窗 )13. knock over 撞倒 ;撞翻以 l 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. laugh at 嘲笑2. lay the table (饭前 )摆好餐具3. learnfrom 向学习4. leave (secondary) school (中学 )毕业5
26、. leave a message 留个口信6. leave for 动身去7. let out 放出8. line up 整队 ; 排成行9. listen to 听 (讲话 )10. live on 靠为生11. look after 照料 ;照顾12. look at 看;观看13. look down upon 看不起;轻视14. look for 寻找15. look forward to doing sth 期待着做某事16. look like 看上去象 ;显得17. look out of 从朝外看18. look up 抬头看 , 仰望19. look the same 看起
27、来一样20. look on as把当作看待21. look over 仔细检查精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载22. look out 当心,小心23. look at sb in surprise 惊奇的看着某人24. look around 朝四周看25. look up a word (in the dictionary. 查字典26. look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康 /疲劳 /忧虑27. leavefor 离开去28. lose ones w
28、ay 迷路29. lose weight 减肥以 m 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. make progress 进步2. make money 赚钱3. make the telephone call to sb / ring sb 打电话4. make a decision 做决定5. make one s mind to do 下决心6. make tea 沏茶7. make sure that 确保8. make jokes about sth 跟某人开玩笑9. make a living 谋生0. make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做11. make faces (a fa
29、ce. 做鬼脸12. make friends with. 与交朋友13. make a mistake (mistakes) 犯错误14. make room/space for 给腾出地方15. make a sentence (sentences. with 用造句16. make a fire 生火17. make a film 拍电影18. make a list of 制作清单19. make the bed 铺床20. make fun of 拿开玩笑 ; 取笑21. make a noise (a lot of noise/much noise) /noises. 吵闹 (十分
30、嘈杂 )/响声22. make progress 取得进步23. meet with 遭遇以 o 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1.operate on sb. 为某人动手术以 p 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. pay for 付的款2. pass by 经过3. pay for 付 .钱; 买精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载4. play games 做游戏5. play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴 (拉小提琴 ) 6. play with 玩弄7. play a j
31、oke on 对开玩笑8. play a trick on 捉弄9. play basketball / football / volleyball 打篮球,踢足球,打排10. pick out 挑选出11. pick up 拾起12. point at /to 指向13. point out 指出14. praise sb. for sth. 为某事表扬某人15. preferto (比起来 )更喜欢16. protectfrom 保护免受17. prevent from 妨碍;防止;预防18. prepare for 准备18. put out 熄灭 ; 伸出 ; 扑灭19. put of
32、f 延期;推迟20. put away 收起来21. put sth together 把 放在一起22. put up your hands /hands up 举手23. put on 穿上 (衣服 . , 戴上 (帽子 . , 上演 (戏剧 . 24. put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖25. put into 使进入,输入26. put ones heart into 全神贯注于27. putdown把放下 , 推倒28. put down 记下29. putinto把译成以 r 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. rely on 依靠2. ring up 打电话给3. run
33、after 追捕 ;追踪4. run away 逃跑5. run out of 用完6. read after 跟读7. receive / have /get/a letter from sb 收到某人的来信8. run into 跑进以 s 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载1. save ones life 挽救某人生命2. search for 搜寻 ; 搜查3. see off 为送行4. sell out 售完5. send for 派人去叫6. set u
34、p 竖起,建起7. set off 出发,动身8. set out 出发9. set an example for 为树立榜样10. send out 放出,发出11. send up 把往上送,发射12. stand for 代表13. search for 寻找14. shout at/ to 对大喊 (嚷. 15. smile at 对微笑16. stay in bed 卧病在床17. stop doing sth. 停止做某事18. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事19. show off 炫耀20. speed up 加快速度21. spend on 在花钱以 t 开头
35、的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. take ones advice 听从某人劝告2. take out 拿出,取出3. take down 拿下4. take place 发生5. take ones place 坐的座位,代替某人职务6. take the place of 代替7. take a walk/rest 散步 /休息8. take it easy 别着急;别紧张9. take sth.with sb. 随身带着10. take sb. to some place for ones holidays 带某人去某处度假11. take care of = look after 关心,照
36、顾,保管12. take a look (a last look) at =have a look at 看一看 (最后看一眼 ) 13. take an exam 参加考试14. take away 拿 走15. take back 收回,带回16. take hold of 抓住精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载17. take off 起飞 ;脱下 (衣,帽,鞋等 . 拿掉18. take (an active) part in (积极 )参加 (活动 )19. take photos 拍照
37、20. take some medicine 服药21. take one s time 从容;别紧张22. take one s temperature 量体温23. take a bus/train/boat 乘公共汽车 /火车 / 船24. take up too much room 占据太多的空间25. take care,/be careful /watch out/look out 小心26. take care to do sth 小心做某事27. take in 吸入28. take sth from sth 从哪拿什么29. take after 长的像某人30. take
38、turns to do sth 轮流做某事31. talk about 谈论;议论32. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事33. tell sb a story 给某人讲故事34. tell a lie 撒谎35. tell sb the time 告诉某人时间36. tell the truth 说实话37. tell jokes 讲笑话38. turn on 开,旋开 (电灯,电视、收音机等)39. turn off 关掉(电灯,电视、收音机等) 40. turn in 交出,上交41. turninto把变成42. turn to 翻到,转向43. turn down
39、 /up (把音量 ) 关小 /开大;调低 /高44. turnover 把翻过来45. thank for 为感谢46. think of 认为,考虑47. think about sth. 考虑48. think about doing = consider doing 考虑(是否去做)49. think over 仔细考虑50. throw away 扔掉51. try on 试穿;试试看52. try out 试验以 u 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. used to do sth. 过去常常精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
40、 12 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载以 w 开头的动词习惯用语和固定搭配1. wakeup / wake up 唤醒 / 醒来2. work out 算出,解决3. wait for sb /sth / wait for sb to do sth 等候,等待4. worry about/ be worried about 担忧5. work hard at 努力做6. wait in line 排队等候7. write down 写下,记下8. write to 给写信二、介词习惯用语和固定搭配1、according to 按照 ;根据2、after a while 过了一会儿3、afte
41、r all 终究 , 毕竟4、after class 课后5、after school 放学后6、as well 也;又7、at breakfast /lunch /supper 在早 /午 /晚餐时8、at first 起先 ;开始的时候9、at home 在家 (里) 10、at last 最后11、at least / most 至少 / 至多12、at night/noon 在夜里 /中午13、at once 立刻14、at present 现在 , 目前15、at school 在学校 ;在上课16、at the age of在岁时17、at the beginning of 在之初
42、18、at the end of在之末19、at the foot of 在脚下20、at the moment 此刻 ,目前 ; 那时 ,当时21、at the same time 同时22、at the weekends / on weekends 在周末23、at work 在工作24、because of = thanks to 由于25、belong to 属于26、by air mail 寄航空邮件27、by and by 不久精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载28、by bus 乘公
43、共汽车29、by oneself 亲自30、by phone 打电话31、by the end of到底为止32、by the way 顺便说 ;顺便问一下33、far away (from ) (离 )遥远34、far from 远离35、for ever 永远36、for example 例如37、for the first time 第一次38、for the time being 暂时 , 眼下39、from to从到40、from door to door 挨家挨户41、from morning till night 从早到晚42、from now on 从此以后 ; 今后43、fr
44、om now on 从现在起44、from then on 从那时起45、from time to time 不时;有时46、in a hurry (to do sth)匆忙(做某事)47、in a minute 一会儿48、in a word 简言之;总之49、in addition 另外50、in all 总共51、in charge of 主管 ,负责52、in danger 处于危险状态53、in English 用英语54、in fact 事实上 ;实际上55、in front of / in the front of 在前面56、in hospital 住院57、in line 成
45、一排 ;成一直线58、in no time 立刻,很快59、in ones opinion 根据某人看法60、in ones twenties/forties 在某人二十几岁时/四十几岁时61、in order 按顺序62、in order to 为了63、in other words 换句话说64、in public 公众,公开地65、in return 作为回报66、in surprise 惊奇地67、in the end/at last 最后,终于精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载68、in
46、 the future 在将来69、in the middle of 在中间70、in the sun 在阳光下71、in this way 这样72、in time 及时73、in trouble 处于困境中74、in turn 依次75、instead of 代替 ; ;而不是76、next to 紧挨着 ; 紧靠着77、of course 当然78、of ones own 属于某人自己的79、on business 有事 , 出差 80、on duty 值日;值班81、on foot 步行,走路82、on holiday 在休假83、on ones way to 某人在去的路上84、on
47、 show 在展出85、on the left / right. 在左 /右边86、on the other hand 另一方面87、on the other side of 在另一边88、on the phone 在听电话89、on the radio 通过收音机 (无线电广播 ) 90、on time 准时91、on weekdays 在工作日92、out of 从里出来; 缺乏93、out of date 过时94、out of work 失业95、over and over 再三 ; 一遍又一遍96、over there 在那边97、to ones joy 使高兴的是98、to one
48、s surprise 使惊讶的是99、up and down 上下,来回100、with a smile/grin on one s face 面带笑容101、with ones own eyes 亲眼看见102、with the help of / with ones help 在的帮助下,由于的帮助五、量词习惯用语和固定搭配1. a group of 一群精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载2. a kind of 一种 ; 一类3.a lot of (lots of) a number of
49、许多4. a pair of 一双 ; 一副5. a piece of 一(块 ,张,片 ,件)6. a cup of 一茶杯7. a glass of 一玻璃杯8. a pile of (piles and piles of. 一堆 (一堆堆的 . 9. a box of 一盒10. a copy of 一份,一本11. a bowl of 一碗12. a basket of 一篮13. a plate of 一盘14. a bottle of 一瓶15. a basin of 一脸盆16. a set of 一套17. a kind of 一种18. a type of 一种类型的19.
50、a great deal of 非常多,大量的(不可数名词 . 20. a large (great. number of 非常多,大量的(可数名词 . 21. a great many 大量,许多 (可数名词 . 22. a different type of 一种不同型号的23. a group of 一队,一组,一群24 a lot of 许多25 a bit (of) 有一点儿26 a few 一些;少量;几个27 a little 一些;少量28 a number of 一些;许多六、其他习惯用语和固定搭配1、a moment ago 刚才2、again and again 反复地;
51、在三地3、all kinds of 各种各样的4、all ones life 一生5、all over 遍及每一部分,浑身6、all over the world/the country 全世界 /全国7、all right 行了 ;好吧 ;(病 )好了8、all the best 一切顺利9、all the same 还是 , 仍然10、 all the time 一直11、 all the way 一路上精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载12、 and so on 等等13、 day afte
52、r day 日复一日14、 each other 互相15、 either or或者或者16、 first of all 首先17、 half an hours walk 步行半小时的路程18、 here and there 到处19、 huge amounts of 大量的20、 hundreds of 几百;成百上千21、 just a minute 等一下22、 just now 现在 ;刚才23、 just now/then 刚才 /那时24、 late on 过后,后来25、 less / more than 少于/ 多于26、 little by little 逐渐地27、 mor
53、e or less 或多或少28、 neither nor既不也不29、 no longer / not any more/longer 不再30、 not only but also不仅而且31、 not soas 不像;不如32、 not till / until 直到才33、 notat all (用来加强语气 )一点也不 ,根本不 34、 now and then /again 时而 ; 偶而35、 once again 再一次36、 once every four years 每四年一次37、 once more 再次38、 once upon a time 从前;很久以前39、 o
54、ne after another 一个接一个 ,连续地40、 one after another 顺次42、 one another 互相43、 plenty of 许多44、 right now 立刻 ,马上45、 so far 到目前为止46、 sothat 太以至于47、 sooner or later 迟早;早晚48、 such as 例如49、 the Childrens Palace 少年宫50、 the day after tomorrow 后天51、 the day before yesterday 前天52、 the last/past two years (or so. 最近两年 (左右 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载53、 the more the more 越就越54、 the other day 前几天;某日55、 the whole country/the whole world 全国 /全世界56、 thousands of 成千上万;几千57、 tooto太以至于不精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 18 页