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1、.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 情态动词一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: “有时” =at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times: “几次” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻” I bought it sometime last spring.We ll meet again sometime next week. some time: “
2、一段时间” We have to stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1)many 修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：许多书许多牛奶 (2)a few和 a little都表示 有一点儿 ，侧重于肯定，相当于some ，但 a few 修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London. -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, just a little. (3)few和 litt
3、le表示 几乎没有 ，侧重 否定 。few 后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】加-ing be busy doing sth.忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking. look forward to + doing sth. 期待做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again. Thank you for (doing) sth. 为了感谢你
4、eg: Thank you for your help. have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 eg: I had great fun playing in the water. =have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours. 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点 ：
5、 它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s （以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。 在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性” 。例： can 既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。【情态动词的基本用法】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 1. can的基本用法： 表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会 ”，可与be able to转换。例： He
6、 can speak English. = He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball? No, I cant . 如果表示 将来 具备的能力，要用will be able to。例： If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示 许可 ，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may 。例： Can we go home now, please? No, you cant . You can only smoke in this room. You cant keep
7、the library books for more than a month. 表示“ 可能 ”，与 may同义，但一般用在疑问句中。例： What can he possibly want? 在否定句中，否定形式can t 表示推测“ 不大可能 ”。例： Anybody can make mistakes. The news cant be true. 与第一、二人称连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议 。在这里，也可用 could 使语气婉转 。例： Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我们可以再见面吗？What shall
8、we do? 我们怎么办呢？ We can / could try asking Lucy for help. 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。2. may 的基本用法 : 表示“ 许可 ”，用 can 比较口语化。例： You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。（ may not 表示按规定不许可，如果用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。） May I smoke
9、here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ No, youmustnt.不行。（ mustnt 表示明确的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。例： It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。注意：如果 在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用can。例： Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢？ 【注意】 ： May I/we ？Yes, you may./ No, you mustnt. 3. must的基本用法 : 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
10、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 表示 必须 ，强调说话人的主观意志。例： I must go now, or Ill be late.You must be here by ten o clock.【注意】 ：表示“必须 “时， must 的否定式为neednt ，或 dont have to ,而不是 mustnt 。也就是： Must I/we do it now？ Yes, you must . No, you neednt / dont have to . 例： Must I go with them? N
11、o , you . 表示 推测 ，一般只用于肯定陈述句 , 表示非常肯定。例：She didn t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看，一定是生气了。He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好，准知道这个词。You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧。4. have to的基本用法：have to 可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。例： I / You / We / T
12、hey haveto .He / She / It has to .You dont have to .Does she have to ?have to =have got to，意思是“ 必须，不得不”。和 must 不同之处： must 强调主观需要have to强调客观需要。例： Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起，现在我得走了。I ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need的基本用法：need 的基本词义
13、是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 need 用作 情态动词 时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例：I don t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗？ Yes, we must. / No, we neednt. 是的，必须。不，不必。So I neednt tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：You neednt buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You neednt have b
14、ought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）【注意】 ： Need I/we ？Yes，you must ./ No, youneednt / dont have to . need 用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果 人作主语 ，一般后接带to 的动词不定式。即need to do sth；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 如果 物作主语 ，一般后用need to be done 或 need doing sth。例如： I ne
15、ed to look up this word in the dictionary. My watch needs mending/to be mended . 我的手表需要修理了。We dont need to work today. (= We neednt work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?) 6. had better的基本用法：had bette r 常略作 d better 。现代语法认为它是一个助动词，因为它后接不带to 的动词不定式。had better do sth意思是“最好
16、做某事；还是做某事比较好”。例： Youd better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。Youd better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事。What had we better do now? 我们现在怎么做才好呢？Hadn t we better tell her the truth? 我们是否最好不告诉她真相? 【注意】： Youdbetter . 表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might表示推测：. must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为“ 一定、肯定 ”。如 : Yo
17、u have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了, 一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书一定是他的, 封面上写着他的名字。【注意】 must 不表推测时 , 在肯定句中意思为“必须 ( 强调内在的职责 ) ”, 在 否定句 中意思为“ 不许、禁止 ”, 以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用neednt或 dont (doesn t) have to。如 :We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。Cars mustn
18、t be parked here. 此处严禁停车。Must we hand in the papers this week? 我们必须本星期交论文吗? No, you needn t. 不 , 你们不必 ( 本星期交 ) 。. can / could多用于 否定句、疑问句或感叹句 中表示 推测、怀疑 , 两者在时间上没有差别。用can时不相信的程度更强一些,cant常常译为 “不可能” 。如:The man under the tree cant be Tom . He s gone to England.这个人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了。Can it be true that he wa
19、s fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗 ? Could this be an excuse? 这会不会是个借口? How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心! .may / might多用来表示 把握性不大的推测, 意思为“ 也许、可能 ”, might比 may的把握性更小一些。may not 在否定句中常常译为“可能不” 。( 注意区分“不可能”与“可能不”在把握性大小上的差异。 ) 如 :Mr. Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number. 王先生也
20、许知道李教授的电话号码。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那儿。二、 典型例题【中考链接】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . （）1 Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller. A. mustn
21、tB. may no C. can t D. needn t（）2 Must I go with them tomorrow？ No，you _. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant （）3 _ I take some photos in the hall? No, you _. A. Can, needn t B. Must, mustn t C. Could, won t D. May, mustn t（）4 Dad, must I finish my homework today? No, you _. You may do it tomorr
22、ow. A. needn t B. mustnt C. dont D. wont（）5 The lake is said to be dry. Is that true? It _.Look, some kids are swimming in it. A. must be true B. can t be true C. may not be true （）6 What is your mother going to do this Saturday? I m not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may （）
23、7 Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. A. must B. might C. can t D. shouldnt （）8 Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall? No, it be him. He has gone to Japan. A. needn tB. may not C. mustn tD. can t（）9Let s go to t
24、he West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is not far away from here. We _take a taxi. A. couldn t B. mustnt C. neednt D.cant（）10 Can you play the piano? Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends. A. needn t B. need C. cant D. can 三、课后练习一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空：1.You _ return the l
25、ibrary book on time. 2.I _ (not) find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way? 3._ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). You _ do it later. 4.He said he _ (not) come tonight. 5.Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her. 6.It s time for class. You _ stop playing footbal
26、l or you _be late for class. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 7.We _ start right now, or they would get there first. 8.The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow. 二、选择填空（）1. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _.
27、 A. must B. can C. may D. need （）2. Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustnt B. neednt C. must（）3. The desk is not dirty. You _clean it. A. mustntB. shouldn tC. neednt C. cant（）4. May I watch TV for a while？No, you _. You have to finish your homework
28、 first. A. shouldn t B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont（）5. Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? No, it _be her. She_ to Japan. A. mustnt; has gone B. mustnt ;has been C. cant ;has gone D. cant ;has been（）6. Its the library! So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.A. can B. must C. need D. may （）7
29、. Boys and girls, dont forget your report . It _ today. A. can t finish B. can t be finishedC. should finish D. should be finished （）8. Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. No, he _ ,because he didnt know my address.A. couldn tB. cantC. mustntD. may not （）9. Must I mop up the window no
30、w? No, you_. A.needntB. cantC. shouldn tD. mustnt（）10. Is Lucy knocking at the door? No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now. A. needn t B. must C. cant（）11. Another cup of coffee? No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me. A. can B. may C. must D. might （）12. I m a little tired. Lets go to the z
31、oo by taxi.We take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. can t B. mustn t C. couldn t D. needn t（）13. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous.A. don t B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt（）14. Must I finish watering the flowers now? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
32、6 页，共 8 页.WORD.格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . No, you_. A. must B. won t C. neednt D. cant（）15. I can t give up smoking, doctor.For your health, Im afraid you _.A. may B. can C. have to D. must （）16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would
33、 （）17. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You _ be very proud of it. A. can B. need C. would D. must （）18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know. A. can B. may C. need D. shall （）19. _I borrow these magazines
34、? Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need （）20. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its dangerous.A. don t B. neednt C. mustnt D. wouldnt精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页.WORD. 格式 . .专业资料 .整理分享 . 典型例题例 1 答案 C 分析：表示否定
35、的猜测用cant 。 must 表示推测时，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句，而must 的否定 must not （mustnt ）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。例 2 答案 C 分析：在回答带有must 的问句时，否定式常用need not (= neednt)，表示“不必”，而不用 must not ，因为 must not表示“不可以”。例 3 答案 D 分析：本题第一句是请求对方的允许，需要用May，其否定式为mustnt 。例 4 答案 A 。对于以情态动词must 提问的疑问句， 否定回答要用“ No, 主语+neednt ”，故由问句中的must和答句中的No可
36、选 A。例 5 答案 B 例 6 答案C 例 7 答案 A考查情态动词must 表示肯定的推测。结合关键信息“I never even dream about it.”可知题意为“它肯定是非常贵的”，故排除B、C、D三项。例 8 选 D。 本题考查 cant表示否定的推测。 四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式，分别意为“不能； 不可能”、“千万不能”、“应该”、“可以；可能”。结合关键信息“He has gone to Japan.”可知“他不可能是约翰教授”应选D。例 9 选 C 例 10 选 D 。以 can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can。课后练习一、1. must 2. can
37、t, Could3. Must, neednt, may4. couldn t 5. had to 6. must, may 7. had better 8. can t二、1A2B3C4 选 C。对于情态动词may的一般疑问句的肯定回答为：Yes，you may / can . 否定回答为： No, you mustnt.5C6B7D8A9A 10 选 C。考查情态动词cant表示推测的用法。cant表示否定的推测；must 表示肯定的推测。由题意“不可能是露西，她现在在日本”可知应选C。11 选 C。考查情态动词must 的用法。结合关键信息“Mary is waiting for me.
38、”可知题意为“我必须离开了”，故排除A、 B 、D三项，选C。12 选 D。四个选项都是情态动词的否定式，结合关键信息“It s not far from here.”可知“我们不必乘出租车”，故排除A、B、 C三项，选D。13 选 B 。考查情态动词mustnt的用法。 mustnt 意为“一定不能”，由“很危险”可知用mustnt ，故选 B。14选 C。 考查对 must开头的一般疑问句的回答。以 must开头的一般疑问句， 作否定回答时用情态动词neednt ，故正确答案为C。15 选 C。考查情态动词have to的用法。 may意为“可能、或许”，can 意为“能、会”，have to意为“必须、不得不”，表客观要求，而must 表主观愿望。根据题意“为了健康，你必须戒烟”可选C。16 选 B17 选 D 18选B。考查情态动词may 表示推测。结合前句“ I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. ”可知题意为“他可能知道（我们将在哪里开班会）”，故选B。may 表示可能性的推测，常用在肯定句中。19 选 C 20 选 C精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页
