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1、精品资料欢迎下载情态动词一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: “有时 ”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times: “几次 ” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻 ” I bought it sometime last spring.We ll meet again sometime next week. some time: “一段时间 ” We have
2、to stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1)many 修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词;都表示许多。例如:许多书许多牛奶(2)a few 和 a little 都表示 有一点儿 ,侧重于肯定,相当于some,但 a few 修饰可数名词,a little 修饰不可数名词,例如:He has a few friends in London. -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, just a little. (3)few 和 little 表示 几乎没有
3、,侧重 否定 。few 后接可数名词,little 后接不可数名词。例如:He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】加-ing be busy doing sth. 忙于做eg: Mother is busy cooking. look forward to + doing sth. 期待做eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again. Thank you for (doing) sth. 为了感谢你eg: Thank y
4、ou for your help. have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事eg: I had great fun playing in the water. =have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth. 做某事有困难eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours. 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点 : 它们必须与其他动词
5、连用,即:情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s (以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外)。 在意义上,情态动词具有“ 多义性 ” 。例: can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。【情态动词的基本用法】1. can 的基本用法:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载 表示体力或智力上的能力,即“ 能够,会 ” ,可与 be able to 转换。例: He can speak English. =
6、 He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball? No, I cant. 如果表示 将来 具备的能力,要用will be able to。例: If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示 许可 ,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may。例: Can we go home now, please? No, you cant. You can only smoke in this room. You cant keep the library books for mo
7、re than a month. 表示“ 可能 ”,与 may 同义,但一般用在疑问句中。例: What can he possibly want? 在否定句中,否定形式can t 表示推测 “ 不大可能 ” 。例: Anybody can make mistakes. The news cant be true. 与第一、二人称连用时,还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议 。在这里,也可用 could使语气婉转 。例: Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我们可以再见面吗?What shall we do? 我们怎么办呢? We can
8、/ could try asking Lucy for help. 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。2. may 的基本用法 : 表示“ 许可 ”,用 can 比较口语化。例: You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。( may not 表示按规定不许可,如果用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。) May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗? No, y
9、ou mustn t. 不行。( mustn t表示明确的禁止。) 肯定句中表示推测,“可能”。例: It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。注意:如果 在疑问句中表示“可能”,通常用can。例: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢? 【注意】 : May I/we ?Yes, you may./No, you mustnt. 3. must 的基本用法 : 表示 必须 ,强调说话人的主观意志。例: I must go now, or Ill b
10、e late.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载You must be here by ten o clock.【注意】:表示“必须“时,must 的否定式为needn t ,或 don t have to ,而不是 mustn t。也就是: Must I/we do it now ? Yes, you must . No, you neednt/dont have to . 例: Must I go with them? No, you. 表示 推测 ,一般只用于肯定陈述句 ,表示非常肯定。例: S
11、he didn t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,一定是生气了。He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好,准知道这个词。You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧。4. have to 的基本用法:have to 可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而have to 却有人称和数的变化,要视主语的不同而变化。例: I / You / We / They have to .He / She / It has to .You
12、 don t have to .Does she have to ?have to =have got to,意思是“ 必须,不得不”。和 must 不同之处: must 强调主观需要have to 强调客观需要。例: Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了。I ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他将不得不工作到深夜吗?5. need 的基本用法:need 的基本词义是“ 需要 ” ,它既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词。 need用作
13、情态动词 时,只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式,后接动词原形。例: I don t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗? Yes, we must. / No, we neednt. 是的,必须。不,不必。So I needn t tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告诉他,对吧?请比较以下两句话的不同意思:You needn t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣。(你还没买)You needn t have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的。
14、(而你却买了)【注意】 : Need I/we?Yes,you must ./No, you neednt/ dont have to . need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化。如果 人作主语 ,一般后接带to 的动词不定式。即need to do sth;如果 物作主语 ,一般后用need to be done 或 need doing sth。例如: I need to look up this word in the dictionary. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载My wa
15、tch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了。We don t need to work today. (= We needn t work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?) 6. had better 的基本用法:had better 常略作 d better 。现代语法认为它是一个助动词,因为它后接不带to 的动词不定式。had better do sth 意思是 “ 最好做某事;还是做某事比较好” 。例: Youd better get some sleep
16、. 你最好睡一会儿。You d better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事。What had we better do now? 我们现在怎么做才好呢?Hadnt we better tell her the truth? 我们是否最好不告诉她真相? 【注意】: You d better .表示劝告或委婉的命令,对长辈不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might 表示推测: . must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为 “ 一定、肯定 ” 。如 : You have worked hard all day. You must b
17、e tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字。【注意】must 不表推测时 ,在肯定句中意思为“ 必须 (强调内在的职责) ”,在否定句 中意思为 “ 不许、禁止 ”,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用needn t或 don t (doesn t) have to。如 :We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。Cars mustn t be parked here. 此处严禁停车。Must we hand in th
18、e papers this week? 我们必须本星期交论文吗? No, you needn t. 不,你们不必 (本星期交 )。 . can / could 多用于 否定句、疑问句或感叹句 中表示 推测、怀疑 ,两者在时间上没有差别。用can 时不相信的程度更强一些, cant常常译为 “ 不可能 ” 。如 :The man under the tree cant be Tom. He s gone to England. 这个人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一个五岁的孩
19、子愚弄了,这能是真的吗 ? Could this be an excuse? 这会不会是个借口? How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心! .may / might 多用来表示 把握性不大的推测,意思为 “ 也许、可能 ”, might比 may 的把握性更小一些。may not 在否定句中常常译为“ 可能不 ” 。 (注意区分 “ 不可能 ” 与“ 可能不 ” 在把握性大小上的差异。) 如 :Mr. Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。This might be the ke
20、y Tom has been looking for. 这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那儿。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载二、 典型例题【中考链接】()1 Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller. A. mustnt B. may no C. can t D. needn t()2 Must I go with
21、 them tomorrow ? No, you _. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant ()3 _ I take some photos in the hall? No, you _. A. Can, neednt B. Must, mustn t C. Could, won t D. May, mustnt()4Dad, must I finish my homework today? No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. won t()5 Th
22、e lake is said to be dry. Is that true? It _.Look, some kids are swimming in it. A. must be true B. can t be trueC. may not be true ()6 What is your mother going to do this Saturday? I m not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may ()7 Susan has bought a large house with a swimmin
23、g pool. It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. A. must B. might C. can t D. shouldn t ()8 Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall? No, it be him. He has gone to Japan. A. needn tB. may not C. mustn tD. can t()9Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is not far aw
24、ay from here. We _take a taxi. A. couldn t B. mustn t C. needn t D. can t()10Can you play the piano? Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends. A. needn t B. need C. can t D. can 三、课后练习一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空:1. You _ return the library book on time. 2. I _ (not) find t
25、he way to the hospital. _ you show me the way? 3._ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). You _ do it later. 4. He said he _ (not) come tonight. 5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her. 6.It s time for class. You _ stop playing football or you _be late for class.精选学习资料 -
26、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载7. We _ start right now, or they would get there first. 8. The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow. 二、选择填空()1.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. may D. need ()2. Must I be in hospi
27、tal for a week , Doctor? No, you A.mustn tB. needn t()3. The desk is not dirty. You _clean it. A. mustn tB. shouldn tC. needn t C. cant()4. May I watch TV for a while?No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. A. shouldn t B. needn t C. mustn t D. won t()5.Is Jessica giving us a speech this
28、evening? No, it _be her. She_ to Japan. A. mustn t; has goneB. mustn t ;has beenC. can t ;has goneD. can t ;has been()6. Its the library! So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.A. can B. must C. need D. may ()7. Boys and girls, dont forget your report . It _ today. A. can t finishB. can t be fini
29、shedC. should finish D. should be finished ()8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. No, he _ ,because he didn t know my address.A. couldn tB. cantC. mustn tD. may not ()9. Must I mop up the window now? No, you_. A.needn tB. cantC. shouldn tD. mustn t()10. Is Lucy knocking at the door?
30、No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now. A. needn t B. must C. can t()11. Another cup of coffee? No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me. A. can B. may C. must D. might ()12. I m a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi. It s not far from here. A. can t B. mustn t C. couldn t D
31、. needn t()13. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous.A. don t B. mustn t C. needn t D. wouldnt()14. Must I finish watering the flowers now? No, you_. A. must B. won t C. needn t D. can t精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载()15. I can t give
32、 up smoking, doctor. For your health, I m afraid you _.A. may B. can C. have to D. must ()16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would ()17. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You _ be very proud of it.
33、 A. can B. need C. would D. must ()18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know. A. can B. may C. need D. shall ()19. _I borrow these magazines? Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need ()20.
34、If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its dangerous.A. don t B. needn t C. mustn t D. wouldnt精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载典型例题例 1 答案C 分析:表示否定的猜测用cant 。must 表示推测时,意为“ 一定 ” ,只能用于肯定句,而must的否定 must not(mustnt)表示 “ 不应该 ” 、“ 不许可 ” 、“ 不准 ” 、“ 禁止 ” 等。例 2 答案C 分
35、析:在回答带有must 的问句时, 否定式常用need not (= neednt), 表示 “ 不必 ” , 而不用 must not,因为 must not 表示 “ 不可以 ” 。例 3 答案D 分析:本题第一句是请求对方的允许,需要用May,其否定式为mustnt。例 4 答案 A。对于以情态动词must 提问的疑问句,否定回答要用“No, 主语 +neednt ”,故由问句中的must 和答句中的 No 可选 A。例 5 答案 B 例 6 答案C 例 7 答案 A考查情态动词must 表示肯定的推测。 结合关键信息“I never even dream about it.”可知题意为
36、 “ 它肯定是非常贵的” ,故排除 B、C、D 三项。例 8 选 D。本题考查 cant表示否定的推测。 四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式,分别意为 “ 不能;不可能 ” 、 “ 千万不能 ” 、“ 应该 ” 、“ 可以;可能 ” 。结合关键信息“He has gone to Japan.”可知 “ 他不可能是约翰教授” 应选 D。例 9 选 C 例 10 选 D。以 can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can。课后练习一、 1. must 2. can t, Could3. Must, neednt, may 4. couldn t5. had to 6. must, may 7. h
37、ad better 8. can t二、1A2B3C4 选 C。对于情态动词may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答为:Yes,you may / can . 否定回答为: No, you mustn t.5C6B7D8A9A 10 选 C。考查情态动词cant表示推测的用法。cant表示否定的推测;must 表示肯定的推测。由题意“ 不可能是露西,她现在在日本” 可知应选C。11 选 C。考查情态动词must 的用法。 结合关键信息“ Mary is waiting for me.”可知题意为 “ 我必须离开了” ,故排除 A、B、D 三项,选C。12 选 D。四个选项都是情态动词的否定式,结合关键信
38、息“ It s not far from here.”可知 “ 我们不必乘出租车” ,故排除 A、B、C 三项,选D。13 选 B。考查情态动词mustn t的用法。 mustn t意为 “ 一定不能 ” ,由 “ 很危险 ” 可知用 mustn t,故选 B。14 选 C。 考查对 must 开头的一般疑问句的回答。以 must 开头的一般疑问句, 作否定回答时用情态动词needn t,故正确答案为C。15 选 C。考查情态动词have to 的用法。 may 意为 “ 可能、或许 ” ,can 意为 “ 能、会 ” ,have to 意为 “ 必须、不得不” ,表客观要求,而must 表主观愿望。根据题意“ 为了健康,你必须戒烟” 可选 C。16 选 B17 选 D 18选B。 考查情态动词may表示推测。结合前句 “ I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please.”可知题意为 “ 他可能知道(我们将在哪里开班会)” ,故选 B。may表示可能性的推测,常用在肯定句中。19 选 C 20 选 C精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页