常见从句的翻译

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1、1定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译 状语从句状语从句的翻译的翻译名词性从句名词性从句的翻译的翻译常见句型的翻译常见句型的翻译1 12 定语从句的翻译 Translation of Attributive Clauses2 23I、译成前置定语、译成前置定语 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.诚然，一个宏伟

2、的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的需要工作的人提供就业机会。2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 这是刚从前线回来的刚从前线回来的战士。3 343. 成都一个你来了就不想离开的城市。 ChengduA city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a c

3、oncentration of problems.可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题问题成堆的成堆的地方。4 45 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。5. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热热情情愉愉快快的的妹妹，而不喜欢冷冷漠漠高高傲傲的的哥哥。5 56II . 译成后置定语译成后置定语 A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独

4、立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。可以说写作是一个难题。6 678. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed

5、of atoms.物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。而分子又是由原子组成的。9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.听着， 我遇见一个人，这这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳，太阳太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体是一团炽热、发光的气体。7 78B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明、描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或

6、现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为我认为这这很不公平。很不公平。12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American. 这些书是我在美国买的,它它们们在在我我的的藏藏书书中中只只占占一一小小部部分分。8 8913. She was very patient towards the chi

7、ldren, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少她丈夫却很少这样这样。14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些那些酬劳是他们历酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的。 9 91015. I told t

8、he story to John, who(=and he) told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。101011III、溶合译法、溶合译法溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的 “there be” 句型就是这样处理的。11111216. There are many people who want to select

9、this major. 许多人要选这个专业。17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下楼下有人要见你。121213 18.You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。 19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。 20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. 这是我第一

10、次和领导发生严重纠葛。和领导发生严重纠葛。131314IV. 译成状语译成状语 有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成原因状从）22. She insisted on buying another pair of r

11、oller skates, which she had no use of.她坚持要再买一双溜冰鞋，尽管她还用不着。（译成让步状从）14141523. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。（译成条件状从） 25. The newswoman wishes to write an article t

12、hat will attract public attention to shipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章， 以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（译成目的状语从句）1515161.A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air.2.She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her .3.He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond.4.There is something

13、original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.5. Here is the man whom you have been looking for.6.Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.常见句型的翻译定语从句的翻译 练习 161617 状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译 Translation of Adverbial Clauses 171718I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句按照原文顺序译出状语从句

14、1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。2. As far as I know, there isnt such a word in English. 据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译181819II. 状语从句译在主句之前状语从句译在主句之前4. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.除非她有急事，她一定回来的。5. Please turn off the light when you leav

15、e the dormitory 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。191920III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（地点状从译为时间状从）12. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命。（让步状从译为条件状从）202

16、02113. Why did you give up when you could make it?既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译为让步状从） 14. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally. 她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些（条件状从译为让步状从） 212122IV. 状语从句译成非状语从句状语从句译成非状语从句16. The boy shouted 16. The boy shouted as he ranas he ran. .那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句）那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句）17. 17. If you m

17、elt two or more metals If you melt two or more metals togethertogether, you can get a new metal., you can get a new metal. 将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种新金属。（译成复合句的主语）新金属。（译成复合句的主语）新金属。（译成复合句的主语）新金属。（译成复合句的主语）22222318. As he had lots of time, he

18、decided to go to the embankment first.时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。（内含因果关系的并列句）19. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang.我正要解释，铃声响了。（译成并列句）2323241.You may do as you please.2.When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time.3.Where there is a will, there is a way.4.We left

19、 in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.5.Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.常见句型的翻译状语从句的翻译 练习 2424251. 你愿意怎么做都行。（译成谓语）2. 如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深水中。（时间状从译成条件状从）3. 有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成 条件状从）4. 我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。5. 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。常见句型的翻译状语从句的翻译练习答案 252526Translation

20、 of Nominal Clauses名词性从句的翻译名词性从句的翻译262627 名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句272728I. 主语从句主语从句由代词由代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句等引导的主语从句“It” 作为形式主语作为形式主语2828291) 由代词由代词what, whatever, whoever等引等引导的主语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译导的主语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译What he told me was a sheer lie. 他对我说的全是谎言。他对我说的全是谎言。Whatever

21、 I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression. 一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印象。象。Whoever has made a trip to Mt. Huangshan must remember the clouds there. 凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。2929302) “It” 作为形式主语翻译时可以提作为形式主语翻译时可以提前，也可以不提前前，也可以不提前It doesnt make much difference to me

22、whether you come or not. 你来不来我不在乎。你来不来我不在乎。It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us. 她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。303031II. 宾语从句宾语从句以以that, what, how引导的宾引导的宾语从句语从句以以it作形式宾语的宾语从句作

23、形式宾语的宾语从句3131321) 以以that, what, how引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻译一般按原句顺序翻译I told him that I had to turn him down.I told him that I had to turn him down. 我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。Did you hear what I said?Did you hear what I said? 你没听见我的话吗？你没听见我的话吗？你没听见我的话吗？你没听见我的话吗？I told him how appe

24、aling I found the offer.I told him how appealing I found the offer. 我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。323233 Example:He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely president

25、, letting events take their course.他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当一个他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任事情发展袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任事情发展的总统。的总统。3333342) 以以it作形式宾语的宾语从句作形式宾语的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻译，一般按原句顺序翻译，it可不译出可不译出I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点之我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点

26、之前交。前交。Anyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that I am here. 不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿，不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿，全靠你。全靠你。343435III. 表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译This is This is where the shoe pincheswhere the shoe pinches. . 这正是这正是这正是这正是问题的症结所在问题的症结所在问题的症结所在问题的症结所在。Things are not always as they seem to be.Things are

27、 not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。What he emphasized again and again was What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.they should never r

28、etreat even for an inch. 他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。353536One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 难题之一在于所

29、谓的行为科学几乎全难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。性等方面去寻找行为的根源。363637IV.同位语从句同位语从句保持原本的语序保持原本的语序译为类似定语的结构或独成一句译为类似定语的结构或独成一句加入冒号、破折号和加入冒号、破折号和“这样这样”、“这一这一”、“即即”等字眼等字眼改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出无主句或其他方式译出3737381) 保持原句的语序保持原句的语序He expressed the hope that he would come

30、over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。他表示希望能再来中国访问。As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all. 作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，去当医生，虽然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可去当医生，虽然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可言。言。3838392) 译为类似定语的结构或独立句译为类似定语的结构或独立句

31、But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子骗子这这种可能性还是存在的。种可能性还是存在的。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。的。3939403) 加入冒号、破折号和加入冒号、破折号和“这样这样”、“这一这一”、“即

32、即”等字眼等字眼But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙我们的前景并不妙。Influenced by these ethics, the new generation live under the delusion that money does not stink. 受这种道德观念的影响，青年一代生活在这受这种道德观念

33、的影响，青年一代生活在这样一种样一种错觉错觉中，以为金钱中，以为金钱总是香喷喷的总是香喷喷的。4040414) 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出无主句或其他方式译出An order has been given that the An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.should be sent back. 已命令将现在仍在太空实

34、验室的研究人员送回地球。已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球。已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球。已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球。Even the most precisely conducted Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.can be obtained without any error

35、. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。的实验结果。的实验结果。的实验结果。414142英汉翻译练习英汉翻译练习英汉翻译练习英汉翻译练习一、翻译下列句子，注意词义的选择一、翻译下列句子，注意词义的选择一、翻译下列句子，注意词义的选择一、翻译下列句子，注意词义的选择 1 1Parliament will debate the nationalization Parliament will debate the nationalization is

36、sue next weekissue next week 议议会将会将在下周在下周讨论讨论国国有化有化问题问题。 2 2The Christmas issue of the magazine has a The Christmas issue of the magazine has a picture of carol singers on its coverpicture of carol singers on its cover 杂杂志的志的这这一期一期圣圣诞专诞专刊在封面上有一些刊在封面上有一些圣圣诞诞歌咏者的歌咏者的图图片。片。 424243 3 3There is a new iss

37、ue of stamps to There is a new issue of stamps to commemorate the Royal wedding commemorate the Royal wedding 新近发行了一套纪念皇室婚礼的邮票。新近发行了一套纪念皇室婚礼的邮票。 4 4他的行动十分有规律性，你甚至可以根据他来对表。他的行动十分有规律性，你甚至可以根据他来对表。 His activities are so regular you could set your His activities are so regular you could set your watch b

38、y him watch by him 5 5她脸上露出公式化的笑容向她的来宾打了招呼。她脸上露出公式化的笑容向她的来宾打了招呼。 She greeted her guests with a set smileShe greeted her guests with a set smile 434344二、翻译下列句子，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对二、翻译下列句子，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对斜体词作必要的引申斜体词作必要的引申1 1There was no provocation for such an angry letterThere was no provocation for such an

39、 angry letter 写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。 2 2Macdonalds had become an institution in his life in the Macdonalds had become an institution in his life in the last eight yearslast eight years 去麦当劳餐厅就餐，八年来已成为他生活中常做的事情。去麦当劳餐厅就餐，八年来已成为他生活中常做的事情。 4444453 3The trunk was big and awkward and loaded wi

40、th The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with booksbooksBut his case was a different propositionBut his case was a different proposition 那个箱子又大又笨重，装的都是书；不过他随身带的箱子那个箱子又大又笨重，装的都是书；不过他随身带的箱子却是另一回事。却是另一回事。 4 4It was regrettable that our appeal remains a dead It was regrettable that our appeal remains

41、 a dead letterletter 遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。 5 5Such conduct is known in all languages as piracySuch conduct is known in all languages as piracy 这种行为是各国公认的强盗行径。这种行为是各国公认的强盗行径。 454546三、用增词法翻译下列句子三、用增词法翻译下列句子 1 1After all preparations were madeAfter all preparations were made，the the plane

42、took offplane took off 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 2 2I like the climate of San Francisco better I like the climate of San Francisco better than that of any other city where I have livedthan that of any other city where I have livedIt never snowsIt never snows，and even in July and and even

43、in July and August it rarely gets hotAugust it rarely gets hot 我喜欢旧金山的天气超过我住过的其他地方。我喜欢旧金山的天气超过我住过的其他地方。那儿从不下雪，而且即使在那儿从不下雪，而且即使在7 7、8 8月天气也很少月天气也很少热。热。 4646473 3Even if you work hardEven if you work hard，you cannot finish it in a weekyou cannot finish it in a week 即使你努力，也不会一个星期就做完。即使你努力，也不会一个星期就做完。4

44、4Some plants grow well in certain areasSome plants grow well in certain areas，but not in but not in othersothers，for they do not have the ability to adapt for they do not have the ability to adapt themselves to foreign climatesthemselves to foreign climates 有的植物在某些地区长得好，到了其他地区就长不好，有的植物在某些地区长得好，到了其他地

45、区就长不好，因为它们无法适应不同的气候。因为它们无法适应不同的气候。5 5The power is strong enough to shatter complacencyThe power is strong enough to shatter complacency 这种力量大得足以打破自满情绪。这种力量大得足以打破自满情绪。 474748四、用省略法翻译下列句子1 1But its the way I am But its the way I am ，and try as I mightand try as I might，I I havent been able to change i

46、thavent been able to change it 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却始终未能但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却始终未能改变。改变。2 2Everywhere you can find new types of man Everywhere you can find new types of man and objects in new Chinaand objects in new China 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。 4848493 3She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to

47、 thank him for itShe laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。 4 4He shrugged his shouldersHe shrugged his shoulders，shook his headshook his head，cast up his eyescast up his eyes，but said nothingbut said nothing 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。他耸耸肩，摇摇头

48、，两眼看天，一句话不说。5 5At long lastAt long last，on June 6on June 6，19441944，after the European war was after the European war was basically decided and Hitler lickedbasically decided and Hitler licked，the allies launched their the allies launched their long-delayed western frontlong-delayed western front 19441944年年6 6月月6 6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，盟日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，盟军才终于迟迟开辟西线战场。军才终于迟迟开辟西线战场。 4949