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1、句子成分讲解与练习n句子的主要成分为:n主语，谓语，宾语，表语，n定语，补语，状语,同位语nI met my best friend, Tom, at the station yesterday .主语谓语宾语同位语地点和时间状语定语主语：句子说明的人或事物（句子所叙述的主体）。句子说明的人或事物（句子所叙述的主体）。 能够充当主语的词， 通常有名词，数词，不定式，动名词，主语从句通常有名词，数词，不定式，动名词，主语从句nDuring the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.nWe often sp
2、eak English in class.nOne-third of the students in this class are girls.nTo swim in the river is a great pleasure.nSmoking does harm to the health.nThe rich should help his poor.nWhen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.nIt is necessary to master a foreign language.形式主语形式主语It做形
3、式主语。为避免头重脚轻和加强句子的紧凑性，用it做形式主语，真正的主语放在后面。nIt is important for us to learn English well.nIt is normal that girls like flowers.nIt is our duty to protect our environment.nIt took two workers three weeks to build the house.nA tree has fallen across the road.nYou are not far from wrong.nThree is enough.n
4、To say it is one thing; to do it is another thing.nIt would be nice to see him again.nWatching a film is a pleasure.nThe old are to receive more money.nWhenever you are ready will be fine.nJane is good at playing the piano.nTo see is to believe.nSmoking is bad for health.nThe young should respect th
5、e old.n what he has said is true.nThe sun rises in the east.nTwenty years is a short time in history.nIt is very clear that the elephant is ill.谓语：说明主语所做的动作；谓语通常由动词和动词短语来充当，具有各种时态，语态和语气的变化1,简单谓语：有一个动词或动词短语构成nHe practices running every morning.2,复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词和实义动词构成。nYou may keep the book for two
6、weeks.nHe has caught a bad cold.及物动词：后可直接加宾语及物动词：后可直接加宾语。如：accept, borrow , buy ,discover, forget, cover, love, use, guess ,enjoy不及物动词：后不可加宾语或不可直接加宾语。不及物动词：后不可加宾语或不可直接加宾语。如：如：apologize, appear, arrive, go, come, stand , swimnThe room can hold twenty people .nI saw the flag on the top of the hill .nH
7、e looked after two orphans.nHe can speak English well.nHe has caught a bad cold.nWhat happened?nHe worked hard all day today.nThe plane took off at ten oclock.nI am reading.系动词(不是具体特定的动作)：后加表语，用于描述主语的身份，特征，性质和状态。n状态系动词：be am, is , are, was were（是）He is a teacher.n持续系动词：keep, remain, stay（保持，持续）He al
8、ways kept silent at meeting.n表象系动词:seem,appear,look(似乎，好像，看起来)He looks tired.n感官系动词：feel,look,smell,sound,tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft.n变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that accident.n终止系动词：prove, turn out(证实，证明，变成)nThe news proved /turned out false.Keep,stay,gro
9、w,look,turn,fall,get,go,come也可以做实义动词：Keep保持，阻止keep sb from doingStay留下Grow 成长，种植Look 看，look atTurn 转变，改变方向Fall落下来Get得到，获取Go 去，come 来表语：表语：系动词之后系动词之后，说明主语的身份，特征和状态。主，说明主语的身份，特征和状态。主要有要有形容词形容词，名词，代词，数词，动名词，分词，介词，名词，代词，数词，动名词，分词，介词短语及表语从句来充当。短语及表语从句来充当。nOur teacher of English is an American.nIs it your
10、s?nThe weather has turned cold.nThe speech is exciting.nThree times seven is twenty one.nHis job is to teach English.nHis hobby is playing football.nThe machine must be out of order.nTime is up. The class is over.nThe truth is that he has never been abroad.nThe war was over.nThey seem to know the tr
11、uth.nTime is precious.nThe book is what I need.nWe are seven.nIs anybody in?nAll I could do is to wait.nMy answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose.nI was so surprised at the news.nThis is where I first met him.nOur dream has come true.nHe felt sick.nThey grow crazy about taking photos.The ch
12、ildren over 8 are admitted into the theater.There are many birds in the apple tree.宾语：动作的对象或承受者。一般位于及物动词之后，介词之后也跟宾语。主要有，名词，代词，数词，动名词和to 不定式及宾语从句来充当nThey went to see an exhibition yesterday.nThe heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.nHow many dictionaries do you have? I have five.nThe
13、y helped the old with their housework yesterday。nHe pretended not to see me.nI enjoy listening to popular music.nI think that he is fit for his office.nI find it impossible to finish the work in two days.nWe make it a rule to get up at 7 oclock.形式宾语形式宾语不定式，动词-ing或从句做宾语，宾语后有宾补时，常用it做形式宾语注意：有些及物动词后可跟双
14、宾语nbring sb sth -bring sth to sb（调节位置用to） give ,read,sing,return,show,tell,teach,send等nbuy sb sth -buy sth for sb(调节位置用for) find, choose等例子：nI return the story book to him.nI will find another chance for you .nI will get you some tea.nPass me that book, please.nI have bought you some fruit.注意有些动词后可以
15、跟复合宾语动词+宾语+宾补nThey elected him their monitor.nI find the book very interesting.Pass me that book, please.I have bought you some fruit.观察一下，双宾语之间的关系和宾语与宾补的关系补语：补充说明主语或宾语的状态nHis father named him Dongming.nThey painted their boat white.nLet the fresh air in.nYou mustnt force him to lend his money to yo
16、u .nWe saw her entering the room.nWe found everything in the lab in good order.宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态n常可以跟宾补的动词如下：find(发现),leave(任由放任),keep(使 -保持) VT+宾语I found the street man dead.You should not keep me waiting for you outdoors.Dont leave the water running.doingdoneadjadvprep-feel,see,notice,watch,hear,sme
17、ll等+宾语+do/doing/done1.I saw him play basketball beside the lake yesterday.2.I saw him playing basketball beside the lake .3.I saw him taken away by a stranger.make +宾语+do/done/n/adjnWe make him our best friend.nThe story made me sad.nHe spoke aloud to make himself heard.nI made Tom clean the house y
18、esterday.nWe make it a rule to save some money every month.nnget sb to do =make sb do =have sb do =let sb donget sth done = have sth donenwant/force/advise/ allow/ask/tell/order/warn/expect sb to do总结：当宾补是动词时，宾语与宾补是主谓关系；I saw him playing basketball beside the lake .宾补是其他形式是，宾语与宾补是主系表关系。We make it a
19、rule to save some money every month.也就是说，句子宾补的形式依据宾语的要求而定。nI found the book boring.nDo you smell something burning?nHe made himself known to them.nShe asked me to lend her a book.nPlease keep the dog out.nWe must keep the accident a secret.nHer mother doesnt allow her to go out alone in the evening
20、.nThe named the child Tom.定语：用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词，数词，名词，介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。nGulin is a beautiful city.nChina is a developing country ;America is a developed country.nThere are thirty women teachers in our school.nHis rapid progress in English made us surprised.nOur monitor i
21、s always the first to enter the classroom.nThe teaching plan for next term has been worked out.nHe is reading an article about how to learn English.nThis is the house where LuXun once lived.nShe likes the yellow dress.nThree people were absent from yesterdays meeting.nThe library to be open next mon
22、th is the biggest of this city.nThe picture on the wall was drawn by my son.nThe man upstairs is a professor of Shandong University.nThe car which is parked outside is mine.状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或这个句子，一一般表示行为或状态发生的时间，地点，目的，方般表示行为或状态发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，原因，结果，程度等。式，原因，结果，程度等。nLight travels fast.nHe has lived in th
23、e city for ten years.nHe is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.nHe is in the room making a model plane.nOnce you begin ,you must continue,nHow about meeting again at six?nLast night she didnt go to the party because of the rain.nI shall go there if it doesnt rain.nMr Smit
24、h lives on the third floor.nShe put the eggs into the basket with great care.nShe came in with a dictionary in her hand.nIn order to catch up with others, I must work harder.nHe was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.nI am taller than he is .nShe walked slowly along the river.nTom is doing his
25、 work at home.nA young man stood there staring at the sea.nThey sat on the desk side by side.nIf you can buy me a ticket, I will go to the concert with you .nAfter writing down my name ,he asked me some questions.nShall we go shopping this weekend？nPeople often make mistakes.同位语：对句中某一名词或代词作进一步解释，说明，
26、可以做同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句。nMr Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us .nHe himself told me that his brother ，John ，is a world-famous doctor.nHe made a promise that he would never come late.nWe Chinese will be proud of you.nThe news that he died made me very sad.nHis suggestion that we should make use of time is very useful.n记忆背诵句子成分定义n预习句子结构
