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1、American welfare system-美国福利制度美国福利制度Individuals should pay the tax divided into Individuals should pay the tax divided into federal tax, state and local taxes (city, county federal tax, state and local taxes (city, county and school district).and school district).美国个人要缴的税分为联邦税、州税和地方税（市、县、美国个人要缴的税分为联
2、邦税、州税和地方税（市、县、校区）。校区）。Federal taxes generally accounted for about 25% Federal taxes generally accounted for about 25% of the wage income.of the wage income.联邦税一般占工资收入的联邦税一般占工资收入的25%25%左右。左右。Two kinds of state tax income tax and consumption Two kinds of state tax income tax and consumption tax. Incom
3、e probably accounts for some 8% of the tax. Income probably accounts for some 8% of the income of people; Consumption probably accounts income of people; Consumption probably accounts for some 6% of the income of people.for some 6% of the income of people.州税有收入税和消费税两种。收入税大概占人们收入的州税有收入税和消费税两种。收入税大概占人
4、们收入的8%8%左右左右；消费税大概占人们收入的大概占人们收入的6%左右。Local taxes the property tax can be divided into four kinds: real property, personal property, farm property taxes and utilities is paid in taxes.地方税即地方税即财产税分为四种：不动产、个人财产税、农场所缴的财产税、公用事业税。福利制度 The American Government provides the workers with a lot of budget which
5、 is used to provide employment and training service. Whats more, it is used as compensation to the unemployed people. 美国政府提供的工人很多的预算用于提供就业和培训服务。更重要的是,它是作为补偿失业的人。 Generally speaking ,all the state and federal governments work together to help the poor family especially those who have school-aged chil
6、dren. 一般来说,所有的州和联邦政府共同努力,帮助穷人家庭特别是那些学龄儿童。 Furthermore, they set up all kinds of organizations for the old and the patients, and special schools for physically or mentally disabled children. 此外,他们建立了各种组织的老人和病人,和特殊学校身体或精神残疾儿童。1、The federal social insurance 联邦社会保险 The federal social insurance has been
7、set up for office, office or once worked for my and their family members can attend 联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加附：主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)、抚恤金(Survivors Benefits)、伤残金(Disability Benefits)和医疗福利(Medicare Benefits)等。 2、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation) As long as it is being fired unemploye
8、d, with or without savings can apply for. General grant period is 6 to 9 months, according to the situation is likely to extend vary from state to state. 只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助期是期是6至至9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。 3、公共援助金(public assistance) It is designed for the b
9、lind of low income or no It is designed for the blind of low income or no income, the elderly, the disabled and no income of income, the elderly, the disabled and no income of the family. Distributed by the state according to the family. Distributed by the state according to their living conditions,
10、 the applicant will their living conditions, the applicant will receive a survey to prove that to be eligible for receive a survey to prove that to be eligible for claim.claim. 这是专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收这是专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将入的家庭而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将接受接受 调查以证明有申领资格。调查以证明有申
11、领资格。 4、孕妇与儿童福利 Pregnant women and childrens welfare This is to protect and improve the health of the This is to protect and improve the health of the pregnant women and children, do not dispatch the pregnant women and children, do not dispatch the cash, but rather to provide health services.cash, bu
12、t rather to provide health services. 这是为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，这是为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提供健康服务。而是提供健康服务。 Social security act is a national, to set up for Social security act is a national, to set up for the protection of the rights of all people. Besides the protection of the rights of all people
13、. Besides public aid, is most welfare measures, both rich and public aid, is most welfare measures, both rich and poor, everyone. It is worth mentioning that social poor, everyone. It is worth mentioning that social security bureau regulation, collect social security security bureau regulation, coll
14、ect social security personnel dont have to live in the United States, personnel dont have to live in the United States, for retirees living abroad.for retirees living abroad.社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。除公共援助金外，大社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，社安局规定，领取社会部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，
15、社安局规定，领取社会安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。In addition to the social security act included in In addition to the social security act included in the welfare policy, the United States there are the welfare policy, the United States there are many involved in all aspects o
16、f social welfare life many involved in all aspects of social welfare life and work, common has the following categories:and work, common has the following categories:除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉及生活、工作除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉及生活、工作各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类：各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类： 一、工作保险 (Work Insurance)
17、1、失业保险金、失业保险金 (unemployment Insurance) 失业保险金是一种保险制度（失业保险金是一种保险制度（Insurance system）。每）。每 月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保，受保人一旦失业即可获赔，月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保，受保人一旦失业即可获赔， 获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。 2、工人赔偿金、工人赔偿金( Workers Compensation Program) 由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。具由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。具体体 赔偿金额赔偿金额(the aggregate a
18、mount of compensation)和时期由和时期由雇主所交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。工人赔雇主所交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。3、州立伤残保险金、州立伤残保险金 （State Disability Insurance） 全美只有加州、纽约州、新泽西州、夏威夷和波多黎各设有此类全美只有加州、纽约州、新泽西州、夏威夷和波多黎各设有此类保险金，专为因短期疾病暂不能工作的人员而设。换言之，受保人保险金，专为因短期疾病暂不能工作的人员而设。换言之，
19、受保人在得病期间必须是受雇的，复原后重新开始工作，保险金就停止赔在得病期间必须是受雇的，复原后重新开始工作，保险金就停止赔付。付。 二、生活补助 Public Service for Low Income Persons 1、粮食券、粮食券( Food Stamp) 美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的家庭。不过该补助只限美国公民。家庭。不过该补助只限美国公民。 2、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食(School Lunch
20、Program) 这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。非美籍人士也可受益。养膳食计划。非美籍人士也可受益。 3、家居能源补助计划、家居能源补助计划(Home Energy Assistance Program) 专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也能享受。能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖能享受。能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。4、廉价公共房屋、廉价公共房屋(Public Low Income Housing)
21、 这项福利有公共房屋（这项福利有公共房屋（Public housingPublic housing）、津贴房）、津贴房屋（屋（Subsidies housesSubsidies houses）、租金津贴（）、租金津贴（Rent allowanceRent allowance）和廉价屋（和廉价屋（Cheap houseCheap house）四种形式，申请人必须年满）四种形式，申请人必须年满62岁或收入低微，其中一些房屋补助要求同时满足这两个条岁或收入低微，其中一些房屋补助要求同时满足这两个条件。件。 三、医疗补助 Medicaid1、医药补助、医药补助(Medicaid) 不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受医疗保专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受医疗保险，但只限于美国公民。险，但只限于美国公民。 2、家中照顾计划、家中照顾计划(In Home Support Service) 由联邦、州和县政府联合负担，为由联邦、州和县政府联合负担，为65岁以上岁以上老人、失明者或残障人士提供家务和非医务性的老人、失明者或残障人士提供家务和非医务性的照顾，使得受益人能在家安全地生活，无须住进照顾，使得受益人能在家安全地生活，无须住进养老院或公共医疗机构。养老院或公共医疗机构。
