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1、人教课标人教课标 高二高二 必修必修 5 Unit 5如何写指导性说明文如何写指导性说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式对说明文是以说明为主要表达方式对事物的状态、性质、功能等进行介绍，事物的状态、性质、功能等进行介绍，或是阐明事理，给人提供知识的一种文或是阐明事理，给人提供知识的一种文体。知识性、科学性是说明文的主要特体。知识性、科学性是说明文的主要特点。指导性说明文属于说明事理类文体，点。指导性说明文属于说明事理类文体，它旨在为读者提供未知的知识和原它旨在为读者提供未知的知识和原理，使读者阅读后对文章所写事物有所了理，使读者阅读后对文章所写事物有所了解，或掌握解决问题的方法，是一种实用解，或
2、掌握解决问题的方法，是一种实用性很强的文体。性很强的文体。【写作指导【写作指导】1. 时态：说明文的时态常用一般现在时。时态：说明文的时态常用一般现在时。2. 语言：语言要准确、简洁、周密。语言语言：语言要准确、简洁、周密。语言风格可以生动活泼，也可以平实简明，但风格可以生动活泼，也可以平实简明，但必须以准确为前提。必须以准确为前提。3. 结构：先对需要说明的对象作总的概结构：先对需要说明的对象作总的概括介绍，然后导入具体的说明，也就是括介绍，然后导入具体的说明，也就是在文章开头提出需要说明的事物或观点，在文章开头提出需要说明的事物或观点，然后加以列举说明，使文章表达清晰、然后加以列举说明，使
3、文章表达清晰、条理清楚、层次分明。条理清楚、层次分明。【常用表达【常用表达】下列这些表达可以使你的说明更有条理：下列这些表达可以使你的说明更有条理：First, second, third, at last .First, next, then, finally .Firstly / First of all / To begin with, . Secondly, . Besides / In addition, . Last but not least . 结尾常用表达：结尾常用表达：We can draw the conclusion that .In short / In brief
4、/ In a word, .It seems clear that .We can know / learn that .【实战演练【实战演练】假设你是李华，你们学校的英语网站假设你是李华，你们学校的英语网站正面向全校学生征集有关急救常识的英文正面向全校学生征集有关急救常识的英文稿件。请你给该网站投稿，介绍交通事故稿件。请你给该网站投稿，介绍交通事故方面的急救常识。方面的急救常识。内容包括：内容包括：1. 首先保持镇静；首先保持镇静；2. 检查伤者呼吸情况，呼吸困难要实检查伤者呼吸情况，呼吸困难要实施人工呼吸；施人工呼吸； 3. 如伤者有出血情况要用布按压止如伤者有出血情况要用布按压止血，然后
5、等候救护车及警察的帮助。血，然后等候救护车及警察的帮助。注意：注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；贯；2. 词数不少于词数不少于100。【参考范文【参考范文】First aid for accidentsIf we happen to witness an accident, what should we do to save other peoples lives? Knowing how to respond properly can make a big difference. Here are some rules that we can follo
6、w.First, we should stay calm. Next, we can ask simple questions such as “Are you OK?” to make the persons condition clear. Then, we need to check the persons breathing. If it is difficult for him to breathe, we should try to start his breathing right away with the mouth-to-mouth method. Also, if a p
7、erson isbleeding, we need stop the bleeding by pressing on the wound with a clean cloth. All the above done, we can stay with the person until the police and ambulance arrive.通过学习这篇写作指导，你掌握指导性通过学习这篇写作指导，你掌握指导性说明文的写作方法了吗？试着根据要求说明文的写作方法了吗？试着根据要求自己写一篇，然后与范文对照，找出其自己写一篇，然后与范文对照，找出其中的不足并加以改进。相信你的写作水中的不足并加
8、以改进。相信你的写作水平会越来越高！平会越来越高！ Write a letter to your principal politely asking whether he or she could organize the first aid courses. Dear _, Our class has been studying a unit on first aid, _ _. Write your principals nameSay why the first aid unit has been useful.it has been very useful because we hav
9、e learnt about what to do to help someone who has had an accidentEven though the unit has been very interesting and useful,_ _.Say why you would like a first aid course. we would like to be able to do a first aid course. A first aid course would give us information about many more situations. It wou
10、ld also give us information about many more situations. It would also give us the chance to practise first aid treatments.We would like to request that_. We think that a first aid course at the school _ .Yours sincerely,_ Say what you want the principal to do.Summarize why a first aid course would b
11、e a good thing to do.Sign your names. the school organizes a first aid courseis a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society. Perhaps we will even save someones life one dayDear (your principals name), Our class has been studying a unit on first aid. It has b
12、een very useful because we have learnt about what to do to help someone who has had an accident. Sample writing: Even though the unit has been very interesting and useful, we would like to be able to do a first aid course. A first aid course would give us information about many more situations. It w
13、ould also give us the chance to practise first aid treatments. We would like to request that the school organizes a first aid course. We think that a first aid course at the school is a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society. Perhaps we will even save someones life one day.Yours sincerely,(Sign your names)
