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1、M5U1grammarM5U1grammar不定式不定式Self-study翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分1.To do that sort of thing is foolish。 ( )2.I want to see you this evening ( )3.All you have to do is to finish it quickly. ( )4.We found a house to live in. ( )5.She came here to study English. ( )6. I warned the patient not to drink cold
2、 water after the operation. ( )主主语表表语宾语定定语宾语补足足语状语( not ) to do ( not ) to be doing( not ) to have done( not ) to be done ( not ) to have been done无无Group-study一、不定式做主语一、不定式做主语二、不定式作表语二、不定式作表语六六、不定式作、不定式作定定语语四四、不定式作宾语、不定式作宾语补足语补足语五五、不定式作、不定式作状状语语三、不定式作宾语三、不定式作宾语附加：用不带附加：用不带toto的不定式的情况的不定式的情况一、不定式做主语
3、一、不定式做主语1.观察：观察：Learning English is necessary.To go to a good university is my dream.动名词和不定式做主语的区别 _即学即练：即学即练：_(save) money is necessary, but_ (save) money now is impossible for me. 动名词表抽象的，一般的概念动名词表抽象的，一般的概念; Savingto save 不定式表具体的，特定的行为不定式表具体的，特定的行为(1)It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.(2)It isa
4、dj.of sb.to do sth. (3) It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 2.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：(1)It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：(1)It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.
5、用于此句型的形容形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising.eg.It was impossible_ them_( complete ) the task in such a short time.用于此句型的名名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：等。例如：eg.1.
6、It is good manners _the young_( give ) their seats to the old. eg.It is our duty_(protect ) the earth.forto completeforto giveto protect(2)It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。eg. It is foolish_you _ (think )so.ofto
7、 think(3) It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。eg. _ took us half an hour _( ride ) to the town by bike. It to ride二、不定式作表语二、不定式作表语 主语+系动词+不定式，其主语多为抽象名词(wish, aim .)eg. My wish is _( be ) a scientist.to be三、不定式作宾语三、不定式作宾语1.常接不定式做宾语的动词：常接不定式做宾语的动词： learn; agree; plan; ask; help; decide;
8、 want; fail; manage; expect; hope; wish; promise; offer; refuse; choose; afford；would like 1. I want to buy a computer. 2. She hopes to find a better job.备注：help可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式2.it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard it adj/n. to doeg. 1.I find_difficult_(l
9、earn ) English well. 2.He feels _his duty_( help) the poor.itto learnitto help四、动词不定式作宾语补足语四、动词不定式作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )(v. + sb. + to do )e.g. She asked me to help her. want; wish; expect; ask; help; tell; get; order; promise; warn; cause; would like; 备注：hope, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。改错： I hope
10、you to have a happy birthday.wish五、作状语五、作状语 动词不定式作状不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、，可表示目的、原因、结果或果或条件。条件。例如：1). 目的状目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句中, 此时to=in order to，还可以用so as to代替，只是so as to不放于句首eg: He got up very early to catch the first train.备注：有时看到句子后面出现了have to，need等，一般可以判断句首用不定式做目的状语。例如： _(complete) the task on time, I had
11、 to stay up.To complete2). 原因状原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to do.不定式作原因状语主要用于表示表情与心理状表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词；表示人对某事某物的反应如何，有一种直觉感，常译作“因而”的说法。常见的这类表情心态形容词有（be）glad, happy, sorry, sad, worried, pleased, satisfied, surprised, shocked, terrified, frightened, disappointed，anxious(忧虑)，afraid等。I am happy to be your English
12、 teacher.sb+be动词+描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等，接不定式做原因状语eg.You are silly_( make) so many mistakes in the test.to have made3)结果状果状语:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。构中。eg: 1.The question is too difficult to answer. 2.He is old enough to look
13、 after himself. 3.I hurried to the supermarket, only _(find) it was closed. 4.He hurried to the theatre, only_(tell ) the tickets had been sold out.备注：下列形容注：下列形容词后常接不定式做后常接不定式做结果状果状语： interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dan
14、gerous, useful.expensive, dangerous, useful.（而且此时常用不定式的主动形式表达被被被被动动含含含含义义) eg: The question is easy _( answer). He is difficult to teach.to findto be toldto answer六、作定语六、作定语不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1). 动宾关系动宾关系: （若是不及物动词，介词不能（若是不及物动词，介词不能 省略省略 I hav
15、e a lot of work to do.Give me a piece of paper to write _.I have no one to talk_.Please find a chair to sit_.withto/withon2). 2). 主谓关系主谓关系: : She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.3)3)修饰性关系修饰性关系( (同位同位),),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词它所修饰的词多为抽象名词. . abi
16、lity,chance, way, ,need, time, attempt, , decision, effort, failure, promise,right, courage, reason, wish, eg. 1.But she gave up the chance_( go ) abroad. 2.There is no need for him _( come). 3.He has no time to read the book.to goto come备注：备注：下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语： 由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的
17、名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one _( leave ) the classroom last night?to leave附加：用不带附加：用不带to的不定式的情况：的不定式的情况：1.使役动词使役动词(let,make，have)2.实义动词实义动词help3.感官动词感官动词4.在固定结构后在固定结构后5.but前有前有do后无后无to1.使役动词使役动词(let,make，have)let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth但是如果let与make用于被动语态，此时要接带to 的不定式 eg. The
18、teacher often lets/makes/ has his students read aloud in class.=His students is often let/ made_ _ aloud in classto read 2.实义动词help可以接不可以接不带to的不定式，也可以的不定式，也可以接接带to的不定式的不定式 I often help my mother_some housework.=I often help my mother_ _some housework.do to do 3.感官动词感官动词( hear, see, watch, notice, ob
19、serve, feel.)4.在固定在固定结构构had better (not) do ,would rather do,why not do, prefer to do rather than do, would rather do than do后后 (1) You had better get up at once.（变否定句） _ (2)Why not( go ) swimming this afternoon?You had better not get up at once.go 5.but翻译为翻译为“除了除了”，如果，如果but前面是动词前面是动词do，则，则不定式不加不定式不
20、加to注意注意：如果如果but前面不是动词前面不是动词do，则不定式要加，则不定式要加to(1) We had nothing to do but_( watch )TV.(2) I have no choice but_(wait ) here.watch to waitQuiz单句改错题：单句改错题：1. Is it necessary of him to return the book immediately? 2.I made him to repeat what I had told him. 3.To answer correctly is more important than
21、finish quickly . 4.I saw her picked up your book.5. She told me that she had decided not be late again. fortopickto 6. Im not sure which restaurant to eat . 7. My brother came here for study English8. Master Wu teaches us how run the machine9. My little brother is so young to dress himself. 10.George helped me to passing the examination. attoto toopass 结束结束
