《现代大学英语第三册Unit5SilentSpring2》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《现代大学英语第三册Unit5SilentSpring2（96页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、现代大学英代大学英语-第三册第三册-Unit5-Silent-SpringWork in pairs to name environmental problems that are threatening our world. sand stormdesertificationsoil erosiondeforestationsalinizationEnvironmental ProblemsAir-related environmental problemsGreenhouse effectOzone depletionAir pollutionwater-related environme
2、ntal problemsAcid rainWastewaterWater crisisMarine pollution and acidification Land-related environmental problemsvProblems arising from inefficient land use (urban sprawl, habitat fragmentation, habitat destruction)vProblems arising from land pollution and degradation (desertification, land polluti
3、on, soil pollution) Other environmental problemsvThe use of pesticides vInefficient use of resources and energy crisisvNon-recyclable waste (plastic and electronic waste)vGenetic engineering (genetically modified foods)vNuclear development1.We are faced with all kinds of environmental problems nowad
4、ays. But what is the one that Rachel Carson dealt with in her book Silent Spring? 2.Does Carson mean that insecticides should never be used in agriculture?3.How do you see the environmental problems in your city? How should our government do? and how should we citizens of this city do?Preview Questi
5、ons1. Content & Message: fill in the gap in our knowledge of the environment of degradation between Carsons time and the present day develop an environmental consciousness2. Language: new words and expressions practice reading skills understanding complicated paragraphs reading for gist inferring th
6、e authors attitudes/feelings/opinions/conclusions drawing inferences ObjectivesShe had an intense love for nature since her childhood:“Humans have now acquired a fateful power to alter and to destroy nature. But Man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself.
7、” Rachel Carson Author BackgroundPublications:Under the Sea-Wind 海风下海风下The Sea Around Us 周遭之海周遭之海The Edge of the Sea在海之滨在海之滨Silent Spring 寂静的春天寂静的春天She was once bitterly attacked:“an anti-humanitarian crank, a priestess of nature, and a hysterical woman”But she courageously went on fighting until he
8、r idea caught on and more and more people joined in.the mother of modern environmental movement AuthorBackgroundThe $300,000,000 pesticides industry has been highly irritated by a quiet woman author whose previous works on science have been praised for the beauty and precision of the writing.In her
9、latest work, however, Miss Carson is not so gentle. More pointed than poetic, she argues that the widespread use of pesticides is dangerously tilting the so-called balance of nature. Pesticides poison not only pests, she says, but also humans, wildlife, the soil, food and water.NY Times 15apr64Repor
10、t on Silent Spring (1962)1.How was it received?2. How significant is it ?3. Does it still make sense now?About the bookvWhen the book first appeared, Carson was bitterly attacked by the chemical industry and some people in the government as an alarmist, but she courageously spoke out against those c
11、riticism. vThe threats she had outlinedthe contamination of the food chain, cancer, genetic damage, the deaths of entire specieswere too frightening to ignore. vFor the first time, the need to regulate industry in order to protect the environment became widely accepted, and environmentalism was born
12、.DetailedAnalysisStructureText AnalysisSilentSpringUnit 5 Theme I. Structure of the TextvPart I: paras.1-6va town before & after the disastervPart II: paras. 7-9vcause of the disaster: chemicalsvPart III: paras. 10-14vcharacter & impact of mans tampering with naturevPart IV: paras. 15-18vreasons why
13、 pesticides fail to solve the pest problemvPart V: paras. 19-24vcause of modern pest problem and possible solutions vPart VI: para. 25Part one (1-6): DiscussionvHow did the town look like before and after it was polluted?vIn paragraph 3, it mentioned that some evil spell settled on the community, wh
14、ich made the lives in this city lose its vigor. Is it the truth? If not, what made it?II. Detailed Discussion of the Textv1. There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.(-1)vheart: the central or most important part vin harmony with: i
15、n a state of peaceful co-existence and agreementvParaphrase: Once upon a time there was a town in the central part of America where all living things seemed to co-exist peacefully with their environment. E.g:racial harmonydomestic harmony Everyone lives in harmony with each other.Tourism should deve
16、lop in harmony with environment.We are living in a harmonious society. harmony: n harmonious adj live in harmony with 与和谐相处 17v2. The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms, where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.(-1) In the midst of:a. 在当中（表方位在当中（表方位)b.正当某事发生的时候（表
17、时间）正当某事发生的时候（表时间）white clouds of bloom : flowers are like white clouds prosperous: booming; promising; (of plants) growing wellThe town lay among booming (or well growing) farms. In spring, flowers floated above the green fields just like clouds.vset up: to cause, produce, raise: a wallva blaze of c
18、olor: an impressive and noticeable show of colors 色彩斑斓色彩斑斓vPara:In autumn, the oak, maple and birch trees turned yellow, red or brown, thus making a beautiful show of colors against the dark green of pine trees.vPay attention to Carsons use of color in describing the town before its environment was
19、contaminated3. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across .flicker v./n. a. to move with small quick movements 摇曳 b. (of a light or a flame) to keep going on and off as it shines or burns 忽明忽暗 e.g: shadows flickering on the wall leaves flickering in t
20、he wind The candle flickered in the wind. A smile flickered across his face. flame: a.burn with a brighter flame b. glow or shine like (the colour of) flames e.g. The autumn woods flamed with color. 4. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and varietyvabundance: n a large quantity o
21、f sth China has an abundance of natural resource.vIn abundance 大量，充足大量，充足vAbundant adj This area is abundant in petroleum deposit.vabound V The stream abounds with fish.vMigrant: n (1) 候鸟，迁徙动物候鸟，迁徙动物 （2）移民，移居）移民，移居者者vImmigrants/migrate/migrationv-Then, as if by some evil power, disaster fell on the
22、community: Strange diseases quickly struck down large numbers of chicken; the cattle and sheep became ill and died.vSpell: words that make magical things happenvNote the use of unit words in English:a flock of chicken/sheep/tourists; a herd of cattle/elephants5. Then some evil spell settled on the c
23、ommunity: mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died.v-No birds came to feed on what was there at the feeding stations.vDeserted: forsaken; visited by nobody (here birds)vA street /island6. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.(-4)7. On th
24、e mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of scores of bird voices there was now no sound;(-4)v- The morning air used to vibrate with the singing of birds, but there was now no sound.vThrob: v (1) (of a part of the body) to feel a series of regular painful movements 抽动，抽筋；抽动，抽筋； （2）to b
25、eat or sound with a strong, regular rhythm 跳动，搏动；跳动，搏动；(3) (of a place) to have a lot of life, energy地方充满了活力地方充满了活力 vOur campus is throbbing with life.Contrast: a town before & after the disaster Before Color: a blaze of colorSound: bark, birds singingMotion : vibrant, throbbing with lifeOverall imp
26、ression: vibrant, harmonious beautiful AfterColor: browned and withered vegetationSound: still, quite Motion: lifelessOverall impression: lifeless deserted, awfulDetailed Analysis1.Why did the author paint such a beautiful picture of a non-existent town? 2.What was she trying to appeal to? Detailed
27、AnalysisPart II: Discussion (7-9) Nature vDirection: environment lifevSpeed: adaptative Human Direction: life environmentSpeed: destructive irrecoverable1.How has man changed the relation between organisms and their surroundings? Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Discussion (10-14)2. In what w
28、ay has mans power changed in character？(para. 11)3. How do chemicals affect our life? (para. 11) “passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death”4. What are the two examples given by the author as mans tampering with nature? (paras. 11-13)5. Why is mans change of the world particularl
29、y devastating? (paras. 12-14)Part III: Discussion Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis9.To a large extent, the physical form and the habits ofbeen molded by the environment (-10).vTo a large extent：在很大程度上：在很大程度上vTo some extent/degree; to a certain extent/degreevMold: v to strongly influence the way sbs ch
30、aracter, attitude and etc 对对影响重大，塑造成影响重大，塑造成vParents are responsible for molding childrens physical and psychological health. 10. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight.(-10)v-When we think of the
31、long history of life on earth, the degree (or extent) that living things affect their environment has been insignificant as compared with the effect of the environment on plant and animal life. 11. but it has changed in character.(-11)vbut the nature of this power to alter the environment has change
32、d. vIn the past, to survive humans made use of what nature offered, for example, by cutting down trees, damming rivers; now they create things that did not exist, such as chemicals and unnatural radiation.vAssault: v./n the act of attacking some place in order to control itvOn the early morning of D
33、ec 7th, 1941, Japanese navy launched an assault on Pearl Harbor.vContamination: the state of being pollutedvContaminate v 污染污染 contaminant n 污染物污染物vLethal: causing or able to cause death (deadly, fatal)vA lethal nuclear weapon12. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.(-11)v-In most cases
34、, the polluted air, soil, and rivers and the sea cannot be restored to their original natural state.vIrrecoverable: sth you cannot get back无法挽回的无法挽回的virreparable (not reparable); incurable; irremediable13. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living or
35、ganisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.(-11)vlie long in soil: they stay in soil for a long time because they dont break down chemically thereventering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death:vthe chemicals that insecticide
36、s contain are likely to enter birds and animals in food, and then pass out in waste matter from their bodies, get into the soil and are absorbed by the plants that grow on it. When birds and animals and people eat the plants, these substances again are taken into their bodies. This process goes on a
37、nd on endlessly, poisoning plant and animal life alike. In short, the chemicals tend to be endlessly recycled in the food chains.14. Given time-time not in years but in millennia-life adjusts, and a balance has been reached.(-12)v-When the environment changes, living things can adapt to their new su
38、rroundings, but it is a long process and it takes millennia of years for life to be in harmony with their modified world again.vmillennia of years: thousands of years v15. But in the modern world there is no time.(-12)v-But in the modern world, life has no time to adjust itself to the change of envi
39、ronment, for mans power to temper with nature has become too great. (Man is so eager to change nature for short-term benefits, he does not think of the long-term interest of his own species.)v16. The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.(-13)
40、vThe environment no longer changes slowly according to the laws of nature. Rather, it is rapidly changed by shortsighted, profit-seeking mankind. vTherefore adjustment can never keep up with change, and a new balance between living things and their environment can hardly be reached.1. Impetuous: (im
41、pulsive)(1) characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation;(2) marked by violent force;Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.Dont make impetuous promises. 2. deliberate: adj (1) done on purpose (2) done slowly and carefully v. to think carefully deliberate on/ upon
42、仔细研究，考虑The old man spoke in a slow and deliberate way.He deliberated on whether to buy the villa.Cf: deliberate/reflect/meditate/ponderv17. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of mans tampering with the atom.(-13)vTamper with: to meddle or interfere with 任意破坏，任意破坏，损害，篡改，瞎搞损害，篡改，瞎搞v.The machine w
43、ill self-destruct if you tamper with it .v. Please do not tamper with my feelings. In the past, radiation was only sent out from radioactive substances in certain rock; today man creates such harmful rays by splitting the nucleus of the atom of such substance as radium.v18. The chemicals are the syn
44、thetic creations of mans inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.(-13)v-Nature does not produce such things as chemicals. They are man-made, i.e. the result of mans creative power.vSynthetic: artificial1. Why are pesticides not a good solution? (3 reasons)vThey kill indiscriminately, reduci
45、ng biodiversity. (para. 16)vThey contaminate the entire environment. (para. 16)residual effectvThey couldnt solve the pest problem. (para. 17)resistance to chemicalsresurgence induced by pesticidesText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV: Discussion (15-18) 2. What does the “endless spiral” refer to? (
46、para. 17)3. What does the author mean by saying “all life is caught up in its violent crossfire”? (para. 17)4. What is the authors attitude towards mans use of chemicals? How is it implied? Rhetorical questions: “Can anyone believe it is ?”(para. 16) “How could intelligent beings?” (para. 18)Text An
47、alysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV: Discussion v19. These chemicals are now applied almost universally to farms, gardens, forests, and homes(-16)vapply sth to: v（1）应用于，实践于；适合，符合）应用于，实践于；适合，符合v（2）涂抹，擦上）涂抹，擦上v（3）apply oneself to 专心于，投身于专心于，投身于v（4）apply for 寻求工作，职位寻求工作，职位e.g: We should apply what we have l
48、earned to practice. She never goes out without applying sun cream to/on her face and neck. My son is applying himself to the new toy truck. Im writing to apply for a position of a manager.Words: application, applicantv20. to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish, to coat the leaves with a
49、deadly film, and to linger on in soil(-16)v to kill the birds and fish, to cover the leaves with a thin layer of death-causing chemicals and stay in soil for a long timevLinger on: v(1) stay or remain for a long time (1)继续残留继续残留 （2）留恋往）留恋往返，意犹未尽返，意犹未尽 （3）苟延残喘）苟延残喘vThough I am back from Paris, yet my
50、 memories linger on.vThe delicious taste can linger on the plate a long time.vThough desperately ill he could linger on for months v21. The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless spiral.(-17)vbe caught up in: to become involved in, often against your wishes, ve.g. Many innocent peop
51、le was caught up in the dispute.van endless spiral: a never-ending, continuous upward movement,vParaphrase: The more insecticides are sprayed, the less effective they will become in destroying the “pests”. Then more deadly chemicals will be developed to kill them. This process will go on endlessly.
52、v22. Darwins principle of the survival of the fittest(-17)vIn his On the Origin of Species (1859), Darwin developed his theory of evolution. According to this theory, plants and animals that can best adapt themselves to their environment will continue to live and develop, while plants and animals th
53、at do not have these qualities gradually disappear. This process is called natural selection. v“Survival of the fittest” is a quote from “Principles of Biology” by the English philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Today the phrase is often used to refer to any situation in which unsuccessful comp
54、etitors are quickly destroyed or defeated. 1. What principles should we follow to solve the pest problem? (para. 19)2. How did the pest problem come into being?intensification of agriculture (para. 20)invasion of imported species (paras. 21-23)3. Does spreading of organisms to new places happen in n
55、ature? How does it happen? What is the primary factor in this natural process? geological element, i.e. separating and rejoining of lands which took millions of years to complete (para. 21)Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart V: Discussion v24. Natureholds the species within bounds by the built-in che
56、cks and balances. (-20)vNature keeps living things in proportion, regulating their number through the check and balance mechanisms of itself. vIn other words, when the population of one species is too big/small, Nature has a way of leveling it off. Para 20: words and phrasesvWithin boundsvBuilt-in c
57、hecks and balance 内在的制约与平衡内在的制约与平衡vHabitat:生活习性生活习性vSet the stage for: pave the way forvBuild up: increase, strengthenvBe intermingled with: be mixed with out of bounds a. If a place is out of bounds, people are not allowed to go there. b. If something is out of bounds, people are not allowed to do
58、it, use it, see it, or know about it.Examples:All our trading activities are within the bounds of the law.This area is out of bounds to unconcerned persons. within bounds （para 20） being under legal or moral obligation50Nature has introduced great variety into the landscape and holds the species wit
59、hin bounds by the built-in checks and balances.(para20)a mechanism of controlling or preventing from sth and keeping them in a stable position paraphraseNature keeps living things in an appropriate percentage/proportion/scale and regulates their number through the check-balance mechanisms of itself.
60、 51 immune to (para17) adj. a. not affected by a given influence b. not subject to an obligation imposed on others be immune to sth : be not affected bybe immune from sth: avoid being affectedBe immune to persuasionBe immune from taxation Be immune from criminal prosecution 免于刑事诉讼Be immune to diseas
61、e 对疾病有免疫力的Be not immune to the influence around us不能不受周围环境的影响不能被说服的免于纳税 52Intensify （para20） v. make intense or more intense intensified imageThe press has intensified its scrutiny of his background.放大像放大像新闻界已增强了对他新闻界已增强了对他 背景的调查。背景的调查。intense （强度，数量或程度）强烈的，剧烈的； （感情或感受）强烈的，极度的intense emotions intens
62、e heat an intense writer深情深情酷暑酷暑感受深刻的作者感受深刻的作者53intensive training research-intensive intensive care强化训练强化训练研究密集型的研究密集型的悉心照顾悉心照顾intensive 深入细致的，加强的，深入细致的，加强的， 强化的强化的 set the stage for (para20) v. prepare forExamples: The presidents recent death set the stage for a military coup.军事政变 Will this agreem
63、ent merely set the stage for another war?54An insect that lives on wheat can build up its population to much higher levels on a farm (developed to wheat) than on one in which wheat is intermingled with other crops to which the insect is not adapted.(para20)depend on sth for survivalreach a point/deg
64、reeone farmmix togetherThe population of an insect that lives on wheat on a farm specializing in the production of wheat is much higher than that on a farm producing multiple-crops , because the insect cannot be adjusted to it.Paraphrase55 confine(para21) v./n. keep within bounds, restrictPlease con
65、fine your remarks to the issues at hand. The sick child was confined to bed. restrict, limit, tie down She doesnt want children because they will tie her down.Tied down to a schedule, we can not alter time casually. I limit/confine myself to 3 cups of coffee a day.Try to limit/confine your talk to t
66、en minutes.They succeeded in confining/restricting the fire to a small area.The woods restrict/confine our vision.5657In new territory, out of reach of the restraining hand of the natural enemies that kept down its numbers in its native land, an invading plant or animal is able to become enormously
67、abundant.（para23）outside the distance to which sb. can stretch out of their handsIn new region, the number of the natural enemies in its native home decrease , the population of an introduced plant or animal are spreading colossally/ reproduced enormously.ParaphraseThus it is no accident that our mo
68、st troublesome insects are introduced species. (23)It is certain, unavoidableThats why the most troublesome insects in our country are brought in from other places.“it” is used as an anticipatory subjectParaphrase58Question: What is the difference between the natural spreading of species and the man
69、-assisted process? And how does this process contribute to the pest problem? The natural spreading of the species involves the restraining hand of natural enemies that keep down its numbers in its native land.An alien species is introduced by man into a new territory finds no natural enemies, thus b
70、ecoming enormously abundant in number. 59There are four factors account for the insect problems. One is the devotion of immense acreage to a single group. The other is the spreading of thousands of different kind of organisms from their native lands. The former creates a good condition for the incre
71、asing of insect population. The latter is insects natural development that is based on the change of natural environment , and accelerated by mans changing environment. The third is that with new plant imported，abroad animals are inevitably brought into. The last is that in new territory, introduced
72、 insects have no natural enemies, so its population increase dramatically. What led to insect problems?60damp （para24）a./v./n. a. slightly b. moisten c. restrain or check;DiscourageDamp down: to control, and reduce, to supressExamples:I dont like to sleep between damp sheets.His clothes were damped
73、in the rain.The rain damped their spirit.His remarks damp down their enthusiasm.61 v. a. strive in opposition or against difficulties; struggle b. compete, as in a race; maintain Examples:The armies in the two countries are contending for control of the strategic territory. They had to contend with
74、long lines at the airport.The defendant contended that the evidence was inadmissible. n. contention : an argument, disputeContend(para24) indiscriminate (para25) a. a. unselective; widespread; wholesale b. confused; chaotic; unrestrainedExamples:indiscriminate taste in musicindiscriminate violenceth
75、e indiscriminate use of pesticidesthe indiscriminate policies of the previous administrationindiscriminate spending无特殊音乐品味大规模的暴力事件杀虫剂的广泛使用前任内阁令人困惑 的政策无节制的挥霍64I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of th
76、eir potentials for harm. (para25)ParaphraseMy argument /contention is that when we put the large amount of chemicals into peoples hands, we dont distinguish poisonous chemicals from powerfully effective chemicals on living things , and people dont know completely about the potential harm of the chem
77、icals.subject v. a. experience b. expose c. submit to the authority of adj. prone; exposedThe patients in that ward were subjected to infection.The campers were subjected to extreme weather.He was subjected to brutal mutilation.他受到残暴的肢解。 He was not subjected to discipline. 他不守纪律65Examples:Marys pare
78、nts refused their consent to her marriage. Has the speeker consented to having his speech printed?Consent v./n. agree, accept, approve of 玛丽的父母不同意她的婚事。发言的人同意把他的讲话印出来吗？She tried to persuade her father, but he refused to consent.她试图说服她父亲，但是他拒绝同意。67We have subjected enormous number of people to contact
79、 with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge.Noun. The act of touching physicallyParaphraseA huge number of people have been forced to take the chemicals before they agree to use and know about them.Para 20: sentencesvone important check mechanism of nature itself is
80、to restrict the living area of each animals or plants.vInsect problems resulted from the intensification of agriculture, that is, the practice of planting a single crop on a large area of cropland.vSuch a way of farming creates favorable conditions for the rapid increase of particular insects.vObvio
81、usly then, an insect that lives on wheat can build up its population to much higher levels on a farm devoted to wheat than on one in which wheat is intermingled with other crops to which the insect is not adapted.Para 21vConfine: confine sb/sth to sth；Be confined to bedvColossal: extremely greatvGia
82、nt/gigantic/ immense/enormousvColossal separate nature reserves: 巨大而独立的巨大而独立的自然保护区自然保护区vIsolated: keep alonevIsolate/alienate sb fromvConsiderable: great in amount, size, value vConsider/considerate27. In new territories, out of reach of the restraining hand of natural enemies that kept.(-23)v when
83、a plant or animal is introduced into a new area, it can multiply rapidly, since it has broken away from the threats of its natural enemies in its native land.vOut of reach: the limit to which sb/sth has the power or influence to do sth, e.g.: Such matters are beyond the reach of the law. vKeep down:
84、 keep (numbers) low, control; suppress, oppress (people); cf. damp down (diminish) What are the sensible measures to solve the pest problem? (para. 24)to avoid suppressing “pests”to get more knowledge to promote an even balanceText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart V: Discussion v28. we need the basic k
85、nowledge of animal populations and their relations to their surroundings that will “promote an even balance and damp down the explosive power of outbreaks and new invasions.” (-24)vthe explosive power of outbreaks and new invasions: the power of insects to multiply quickly and their power to invade
86、new territoriesvdamp down: to control and reduce: to suppress, ve.g.The man was too keen on betting on horse races, and his wife decided to damp down his enthusiasm.In what ways have we done wrong in using chemicals? surroundingspublicusersText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart VI: Discussionv29. We hav
87、e subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge.(-25)v-By spraying insecticides on food grains, vegetables and fruit, we have caused large numbers of people to absorb harmful chemicals without asking whether they would lik
88、e to do so and often without their knowing it.vSubject sb/sth to sth: (written) to make sb/sth suffer or be affected by sth, usually sth unpleasant, ve.g.Diogenes was constantly subjected to ridicule.Before launching the new car, they subjected it to severe tests.Lesson 11 Silent SpringReview of the
89、 Text Before the use After the useBefore & after the use of chemicals all life in harmony with its surrounding peoples life: the town in the midst of prosperous farms; fishing the streams plants: blooming flowers; growing on green field; oak, maple, birch flaming and flickering with life animals: bi
90、rds feeding on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow; floods of migrants pouring through; sweet singing of birdsScan the text and list out the related information. loss of life: mysterious diseases sweeping the flock of chickens; sickening and killing cattle and
91、sheep and fish; several and unexplained deaths of adults and children; birds trembling violently and being unable to fly; soundless birds; browned and withered vegetationLesson 11 Silent SpringBefore & after the use of chemicalsDiscuss in groups.Before the useAfter the use colorful nature: brown, wi
92、thered colorful nature: in spring:white clouds of bloom , green fields, in autumn: oak and maple and birch setting up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered in winter:white snowThrough much of a year: laurel, ferns, wildflowersLesson 11 Silent SpringBefore & after the use of chemicalsDiscuss in
93、groups.Before the useAfter the use silent nature:Sound: stillness, a spring without voicesMovement: backyards deserted, birds trembled violently and could not fly, fish died active nature:Sound: barking of the fox, birds chorus in the morningMovement: drift, flame, flicker, silently crossthe fields,
94、 fly and feed, pour through, observe, flow, lie, raise houses, sink wells, build barnsLesson 11 Silent SpringEvil SpellIn Para. 3,4,5Question: What is the evil spell? Spell is a bewitched state, a state completely captured by magic power. Mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens; cattle and
95、sheep sickened and died; birds trembled and could not fly; fish died in the streams. People were infected with new diseases with several sudden and unexplained deaths. Vegetation withered and got browned. No life was on the road, in the stream; silence lay over the fields, the woods and marsh. Lesso
96、n 11 Silent SpringQuestion: Why did Carson call mans tampering with nature a war against nature?A war involves the killing of hundreds of thousands of peoplethe “bad people or good people”with their invented weapons. Insects, birds, plants, fish, even “pests” are all part of nature. By creating and
97、using chemical “weapons”, man killed every insect the ”good” or “bad”, stilled the song of birds and the leaping of fish, coated the leaves with a deadly film, and ruined the soil. The whole ecology of nature was upset.Lesson 11 Silent SpringFor Reference Question: Why did Carson say the chemical wa
98、r is never won? Chemicals kill indiscriminately, reduce biodiversity and contaminate the entire environment. They cannot solve the pest problem, for pests can adapt to the chemicals and evolve into super races immune to chemicals, and they can undergo a “flare-back”. The vicious circle will never en
99、d until man is killed along with other lives.Lesson 11 Silent SpringQuestion: In Carsons opinion, what led to the insect problem?Nature had built-in checks and balances to hold the varieties of species within bounds. Mans tampering with nature disturbed the balances. Insect problems arose with the i
100、ntensification of agriculturethe devotion of immense acreage to a single crop and the spreading of thousands of different kinds of organisms from their native homes.Lesson 11 Silent SpringQuestion: What is the difference between the natural spreading of species and the man-assisted process? And how
101、does this process contribute to the pest problem? The natural spreading of the species involves the restraining hand of natural enemies that keep down its numbers in its native land.An alien species is introduced by man into a new territory finds no natural enemies, thus becoming enormously abundant
102、 in number. Lesson 11 Silent Spring Question: What should we do to solve pest problems? We should try to have the basic knowledge of animal population and their relations to their surroundings to promote an even balance, control the power of outbreaks of insects and reduce new invasions rather than
103、seeking new technology to suppress this plant or that animal. Lesson 11 Silent SpringQuestion: What is Carsons contention?Nature is an integral nature. We should promote our knowledge of relation of chemicals and ecology. Before we use chemicals, we should know clearly about their effect on environm
104、ent and people and make reasonable use of them. Lesson 11 Silent SpringWhat have people done to nature?What does nature actually mean to man?In what ways has man disturbed the balance of nature?Why have people created more and more poisonous chemicals?What can we do to avoid the vicious cycle of abu
105、sing chemicals?Further discussion about the textLesson 11 Silent SpringHow does man tamper with nature? What are the consequences?How much does man know about nature?Do you think that man has been endowed with the unique power to change nature?What would mans tampering of nature bring about? What sh
106、ould man do to redress the balance of nature?Further discussion about the textLesson 11 Silent SpringOut of his ignorance and lack of concern for the integrity of nature, man is tampering with nature by abusing chemicals, causing irrecoverable harms on environment and people. Theme of the storyReinf
107、orcementDiscussionSilentSpringUnit 5LanguageWriting Writing TechniquesTechniques1. How did Carsons view contrast with the popular attitude towards nature of her time?2. Any thoughts about the text, the book and the controversy it arouses? What is the right attitude to nature?How do you look at human
108、 beings role in nature? Is our intelligence a blessing or a curse? How should we look at science and technology?Where did Carsons sense of mission come from?ReinforcementDiscussion What is good writing? Her measured, carefully-worded (language) yet passionate prose (passion, love) was all the more d
109、amning because she, herself, was a scientist (ideas; information). ReinforcementWriting TechniquesHow can we write with power and precision?1.EloquenceParallels until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure w
110、ells. (para. 11) to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on in soil (para. 16)Rhetorical questions Can anyone believe? (para. 16) How could intelligent beings ? (para. 18)ReinforcementWriting TechniquesAntitheses: (juxtaposition of con
111、trasting ideas in one grammatical structure) The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. (para. 13) this imagined tragedy may easily become a harsh reality we all shall know. (para. 8)ReinforcementWriting Techniques2. Precision Qualifying expre
112、ssions: To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. (para. 10) This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. (para. 11) And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile. (para. 14) Special
113、verbs: n. v.: flame, coat, line adj. v.: still, brown, dampReinforcementWriting Techniquesvbe geared tovintroduceintova great variety ofvhold sth within boundsvbuilt-invcheckva limit onvset the stage forvexplosive (increases)vlive on (wheat)va/another factor inisReinforcementLanguageUseful Words & Expressionsin progressis the primary/an important agent ininvariablyout of reach ofa life-and-death need/mattersuppresspromote a balancedamp downoutbreak of (war, disease, plague, food poisoning, etc.)谢谢
