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1、 StressRevisionImportant phenomena in English connected speechvIncomplete plosion white coatvLiaison better and bettervAssimilation education miss youvStrong and weak forms of words a cup of watervElision lots o(f)money Word stress Sentence stressWord Stress Dictationlisten carefully and sign the st
2、ress on the correct syllable.agriculture democracy cigarette mathimatics continuity magazine technique(technic)translate cartoonemployee pioneer examinee engineerDefinition v Stress:the degree of force with which a sound or a syllable is uttered.v Word stress is concerned with the stressing of indiv
3、idual words of two or more syllables when they are pronounced in isolation.(142)Stress:the degree of force with which a sound or a syllable is uttered.1.primary(strongest)2.secondary(weaker)3.unstress(weakest)eg.con.ti.nui.ty s p un.a.round pitch _._ highest _ lowest The loudest soundau can be heard
4、 clearly.In a stressed syllable,the center which is a vowel should be produced in a loudest way.（重读发生在重读音节的重读发生在重读音节的元音元音之上）之上）agriculture hospital university philosophy So,when you say a word more than one syllable,remember to make the stressed syllable louder,longer,clearer,and higher pitched.v Fa
5、ther Im going to the STORE finish IM going to the store.report I AM going to the store above Im GOING to the store seven Im going TO the store tomorrow Im going to THE store afternoon Im going to the STORE temperature experience banana Learn stress from net course An English Pronunciation on LinevEv
6、ery time you dance,sing,or clap your hands you emphasize or stress particular beats or sounds.v In speech,stress may be defined as the degree of intensity of loudness placed on a sound;that is,the amount of force one puts on a syllable or word to give it importance.vStress is such an important featu
7、re of spoken English that it determines not only the rhythmic flow of words,but also the quality of the vowels.vCorrect word and sentence stress in spoken English can mean the difference between good communication and no communication at all.vThree types of stress can be found in English:primary,sec
8、ondary,and zero stresses.vThe term primary stress refers to the strong emphasis a speaker puts on the most important syllable of a particular word.vSecondary stress refers to a less strong emphasis on the next most important syllable.vZero stress refers to any syllable that receives no stress,and it
9、 is also called unstressed syllable.In other words,an unstressed syllable receives no intensity or loudness at all.The frequent occurrence of unstressed syllable is one of the fundamental characteristics of spoken English,and the one that most distinguishes English from Chinese.SyllablePhonetically
10、speaking,syllable is consisting of a center.The center of the syllable must be a vowel,before or after the center should be consonant.C V CvOpen s end in a vowel sound CVvClosed s-end in a consonant sound VC veg.far fa:tietai manm n butb tA word should be composed of either open or closed.a.gri.cul.
11、ture Syllable Division R1:Two vowels come together and dont form a diphthong should be divided.tuition geography A diphthong preceding a vowel follow the same rule.poetry dialect R2:A media consonant should be joined to the latter if the preceding vowel is a long or unstressed one,but joint into the
12、 former if the vowel is short and stressed.legal long vowel+.C legend short vowel+C.R3:A media“x”should be jointed to the former.vex.a.tion R4:A word is doubled before an inflectional ending,the division takes place between the doubled letter.（有词尾变化的词，词尾若双写，音节自辅音之间分开）（有词尾变化的词，词尾若双写，音节自辅音之间分开）morphem
13、e 1.free 自由语素自由语素 2.bound 黏着语素黏着语素 派生派生 1.prefix un-2.suffix -less 曲折曲折 inflectional -ing -er -est -ed -es -s eg.drop-drop.ping hot-hot.test R5:Inflection endings except“ed”are split.（曲折变化中除曲折变化中除”ed”外外,其他均视为一个其他均视为一个 音节）音节）eg.try-try.ing blue-blu.erR6:A prefix and suffix is divided from the root.eg
14、.agoa.go hope-hope.less transplanttrans.plant practiceyesterday hospital indifferent photography unfortunate Regulations of word stress Single-syllable word is all stressed.Words of two syllables,stress often falls on the first one.car.ry rea.dy3 or 4 syllable word,the stress falls on the 3rd syllab
15、le from the end.recognize philosophy suffix and prefix (text book p143)Compound word X XStress falls on the first element XX Denotes a new idea rather than the original meaning.black Smith-black Smith green house-green house The first element is a noun.earthquake sunriseThe first element is a gerund
16、.sleeping car walking stickCompound noun begins with“out”or“over”.overcoat outpatient Stress falls on the second element X XCompound verb begins with“over”overwork overeducateThe first element is an adj.loudspeaker badtemperedStress Shift Different part of speech has the different stress.N./adj.V.progress progress great progress He progresses greatly.increase increase amount of increase The population increased.refuse refuse desert desert perfect perfect Definition Sentence stress refer to the s
