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1、辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸直流电动机错位无环流调速系统的设计摘 要直流电动机具有良好的起制动性能，易于在广泛范围内平滑调速，在需要高性能可控电力拖动的领域中得到了广泛的应用。直流拖动控制系统在理论上和实践上都比较成熟，它是交流拖动控制系统的基础，所以首先应该掌握直流系统。从生产机械要求控制的物理量来看，电力拖动自动控制系统有调速系统，位置随动系统，张力控制系统，多电动机同步控制系统等多种类型，而各种系统往往都是通过控制转速来实现的，因而调速系统是最基本的拖动控制系统。在许多生产机械中，常要求电动机既能正反转，又能快速制动，需要四象限运行的特性，此时必须采用可逆调速系统。直流电机是最常
2、见的一种电机，研究直流电机的控制和测量方法，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。电机调速问题一直是自动化领域比较重要的问题之一。不同领域对于电机的调速性能有着不同的要求，因此，不同的调速方法有着不同的应用场合。直流电动机可逆无环流调速系统分为两类：(1)逻辑无环流可逆调速系统。(2)错位无环流可逆调速系统。错位无环流可逆直流调速系统与逻辑无环流可逆直流调速系统不同，基本区别在于前者不以“逻辑控制”的方法遏制环流，而采用所谓“ 错位”原理以遏制环流，从根本上切断了环流的通路，确保系统主电路在任何时刻、任何状态、任何条件下只有一组整流装置工作。所以，错位无环流可逆直流调速系统中不存
3、在任何的环流。错位无环流直流可逆调速系统是直流可逆调速系统中较为完善的一种控制方式，采用错位控制，消除静态环流，并在调速系统中采用转速环、电流环和电压内环三闭环的结构，三环对系统稳定运行都有影响。其中，电压内环的作用和意义非常重要：1.缩小电压调节死区，提高切换的快速性；2.防止动态环流，保证电流安全换向；3.抑制各种非线性因素对系统动态品质的不利影响本文通过讨论直流电机调速系统的控制方法，应用Matlab仿真来设计直流电机错位无环流调速系统。关键词：直流电动机， 错位无环流 ，Matlab Abstract The DC motor has a good starting and braki
4、ng performance, easy to smooth the governor, in a broad range has been widely applied in the field of high-performance controllable electric drive. DC drive control systems in the theory and practice more mature, it is the foundation of the AC Drivecontrol system should first master the DC system. T
5、he control of physical quantities from the production machinery, electric drive automatic control system has a speed control system, position servo system, tension control system, multi-motor synchronous control system and other types, a variety of systems are often by controlling the speed to achie
6、ve, and thus the speed control system is the most basic drag control systems. In many production machinery, and often require the motor not only rotating, but also rapid braking, you need four-quadrant operation characteristics, must be reversible speed control system.The DC motor is the most common
7、 type of motor,obtains the widespread application in various domains.Study of DC motors control and the measuring technique,to improve the control precision and response speed, energy saving etc have important significance. Motor speed control problem has been one of important problems in automation
8、 field comparison. Different areas for motor speed regulation performance have different requirements,therefore, different control methods have different application occasions. This paper discusses the DC motor speed control system control method, to understand the status of DC motor speed control m
9、ethod.DC motor speed control system of reversible without circulating current are divided into two categories：(1)Logic non circulating current reversible speed control system. (2) the dislocation free circulation reversible speed control system. Dislocation free circulation reversible DC speed contr
10、ol system with logic non circulating current reversible DC speed regulating system is different, the fundamental difference lies in that the former is not to control curb circulation, the so-called dislocation principle to curb circulation, fundamentally cut off circulation channel, ensure the main
11、circuit of the system at any time, any condition, any under the conditions of only one group of rectifying device. So, there is no dislocation without any circulation circulation reversible DC speed regulating system. Dislocation free circulation reversible DC speed regulating system is a kind of co
12、ntrol mode of DC reversible speed control system, adopts the displacement control, eliminate the static circulation, and the speed loop, current loop and voltage loop three, loop in the speed control system, three ring has an effect on the system stable operation of line. Among them, the very import
13、ant function and significance of voltage loop: 1 reduced voltage regulation dead zone, improve the rapid switching; 2 to prevent the dynamic circulation, to ensure that current safe commutation; 3 inhibition of various nonlinear factors adverse effect on system dynamic qualityThis paper discusses th
14、e control method of DC motor speed control system, the application of Matlab simulation to design the DC motor speed control system of dislocation free circulation.Keywords: DC motor； Dislocation free circulation； Matlab目 录1 绪论11.1选题的目的及意义11.2直流传动系统概述11.2.1电力拖动的基本概述11.2.2直流传动控制系统发展概况21.2.3 错位无环流调速系统
15、简介31.2.4 控制系统的计算机仿真41.3 设计主要内容41.4论文的结构52 错位控制无环流可逆调速系统的原理62.1可逆调速系统的原理62.2 环流的介绍72.2.1 环流的定义72.2.2 环流的分类72.3 错位控制无环流系统72.3.1静态环流的错位消除原理72.3.2 错位控制无环流系统的结构82.3.3 错位控制无环流系统的优缺点93 主电路的参数计算与保护设计103.1主电路设计及参数的选择103.1.1主电路设计103.1.2 晶闸管的选择103.1.3 电抗的选择113.2 同步变压器及触发器的设计113.2.1触发电路的设计113.2.2 同步变压器的设计123.2.3整流变压器的计算与选择134 利用工程设计法设计三闭环错位无环流调速系统154.1 各器件的参数选择154.2 设计指标164.3 工程设计方法的基本思路164.4 AVR电压内环的设计174.4.1 AVR的模型简化及参数计算174.4.2 电压环校验近似条件194.4.3 电压环的动态性能指标194.5 电流调节器的设计204.5.1 电流环动态结构图的简化204.5.2 确定电流环的时间常数214.5.3 电流调节器结构的选择214.5.4 电流调节器参数的计算224.5.5 电流环校验近似条件234.5.6 电流环的动态性能
