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1、5)定语从句(一) 定义及相关术语 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从 句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, w ho, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代 替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a pol iceman 该句中，who
2、 is shaking hands with my fat her 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。(二) 关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class On e 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the schoo l gate at 7 tomorrow morning 想去博物馆的人必须在明 晨 7 点到大门口集
3、合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom
4、 ) you are waiting for has com e 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our m onitor 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来 代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my ol d friend.3Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys
5、. 足球是 大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writ ers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢 房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这 是他昨天买的钢笔。The film ( which ) t
6、hey went to see last night was not i nteresting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4. Tha t指人时，相当于who或whom ；指物时，相当于which.。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的 人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今 天早上看到的那个人
7、在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Aus tralia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5. Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over
8、 the c ountry. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸 当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我 曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be r epaired.Do
9、 you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?(三) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代 词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very fam ous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他 曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow Ill bring here th
10、e magazine (which / that) yo u asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you ask ed.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis wit h yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterda y. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who /
11、 that) w e have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have o ften talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attentio n to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attentio n to improving our working
12、 conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动 词的后面。如： look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.(正)这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking .(误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.（ 正 ）
13、那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very heal thy. （误）2若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可 用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关 系代词是所有格时用 whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.（正） 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighb our.
14、（误）The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comforta ble.（正）我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortab le.（误）3 “介词+关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, n either, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kin d to him. 他
15、深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of whic h have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of wh om are from big ci ties.我们班总共有4 0个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which ar e abou t coun try life.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Repu blic of China was founded.1949 年10月1日是中华人民共和
