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1、培养和进步英语听力理解才能的方法介绍培养和进步英语听力理解才能的方法介绍根据许多语言学家的理论，听懂一门外国语言涉及到两个方面：一是区分，二是理解。区分可分为： 音素区分sound discrimination。如音素比照、辅音连缀、强读、弱读、连读和重音、省音等等的区分；意义区分eve-nt discrimination。如对情景对话中的人物、地点、时间和事件等进展判断性区分。理 解可分为：语调的理解。如对陈述句、疑问句和反意疑问句等语调的理解；语言信息要点的理解。语 言信息是指学生对知识的记忆和回忆。听力教学中存在着大量的对语言的记忆和回忆活动。根据Rivers的划分 ，培养听力理解才能可
2、以分成四个阶段。下面作一介绍，供老师训练学生听力时借鉴。第一阶段：辨音练习区分音素和短语；听学过的对话；从学过的阅读文章中区分短语和句子；通过游戏来区分听到的单词和词组；第二阶段：不需记忆的区分和选择练习听各种各样已经学过的对话的录音；听所学的阅读材料的复述；第三阶段：需短暂记忆的区分和选择练习在听学过的对话和阅读材料时，让学生做书面的正误判断题；在学生听所学过的对话和阅读材料时，老师口头给出有关问题，让学生做书面的多项选择题；听之前，先提出问题，在听的时候学生再用母语答复下列问题；第四阶段：需长期记忆的区分和选择练习此项练习类似上面的、，但要求学生做书面的问题解答或者在他们听过一篇文章之后，
3、口 头提出问题，让学生做书面解答。以上所介绍的听力训练工程只是指导性的建议。老师在课堂上还可以根据学生实际进展更符合实际的听力 训练。下面从四个方面来说明怎样进展听的才能的训练。一、听听看看一选择练习辨音 划出与你听到的元音读音一样的单词。如：附图 图区分句子逻辑重音。如：III go with you,but he wont.区分语调 属于疑问句写Q(question)，属于陈述句写S(statement)。如：(1)Are you going to the cinema?(Q)(2)He es every day.(S)二配合练习听几组句子，判断异同。如：He goes to school
4、 every day.She goes to school every day.(different)He works hard at his lessons.He works hard at his lessons.(same)老师在黑板上写出假设干句子，然后不按顺序一一读出，要求学生能写出老师所读句子的顺序。学生手中有许多图片，让他们将表示不同意义的词汇，如数字、形状、颜色等，在听录音时按顺序摆 好。如：shape and colours录音No.1 is ared square;No.2 is an orange circle;No.3 is a black triangle.等等。Nu
5、mbers录音No.1 is 1534;No.2 is 345.练习和不仅训练了听力，而且还能有效地复习以前学过的词汇和词组。三下定义练习老师口头给课文中某些词汇下简单定义，然后学生从黑板上的一组单词中选写这些单词。如：student,te acher,father,child.定义：This person is older.She works in a school.There she teaches lessons and helps herstudents to learn.(Teacher)这种练习不仅训练听力，而且还可以为将来用英语解释句子打下根底。四情景训练两人一组，学生A手拿几张
6、卡片实物更好，上面写有各种食物、水果、文具等的名称。假设学生B是顾 客，A与B作如下对话：A:What do you want?B:Id like to have some meat,sugar,and a bar of chocolate,please.A:选出正确的卡片Here you are.B:Thank you.这个练习是半真实的语言场景。学生在听和说上都能得到训练。五听描绘图片的练习给学生一组人物的图片，老师描绘图片上的人物。学生选择出老师描绘的人物图片。如：“选择 a boy of about sixteen.He is tall and thin,and he is alway
7、s wearing a pair of glasses.”听录音，把听到的与手中的图片进展比拟，指出哪些是图片中所没有的事物。二、听听做做老师发出一系列指令，学生遵照去做，来说明他们听懂了指令。如：Openthe door,please.e to the front,please,etc.这种练习对于让学生熟悉课堂上的指令很有效。假如老师发出的指令是基于真实语言环境的话，这种练习 就很有价值。如老师可告诉学生：“I have leftmy textbook in the teachers office.Who would like t o go and get itfor me?It is i
8、n the third drawer on the right.”三、听听说说一句型练习。课堂上进展句型练习的形式一般有三种：机械练习。非机械练习。 交际性练习。机械练习的目的是让学生熟悉新句型和最终让学生记住这些句型。如：T:I used to wear a dress in summer.提示hatS:I used to wear a hat in summer. 提示skirtS:I used to wear a skirt in summer. 非机械性练习，即有意义练习。这种练习更强调意义，而不是形式。如：(1)T:根据一张图片Is Mary as tall as John?S: N
9、o, Mary is not as tall as John./No, Mary is not so tall as John.T: Who is taller, Mary or John?S: John is .John is taller than Mary.(2)T:让一个学生擦黑板What is he doing?S: He is cleaning the board.这种练习的最大好处是学生必须听懂老师所讲的内容，然后才能做出反响。交际性练习是指模拟现实场景进展练习。如：T: Where are you going, John?S: Im going to the cinema.T
10、:Do you go to the cinema very often?S: Yes,about once a week.二替代练习单项替代练习。如：T :Do you see Mr .Lin ?He is wanted.提示my brotherS :Do you see my brother? He is wanted.双项替代练习。如：T: My book is as new as yours.提示room, bigS: My room is as big as yours.多项替代练习。如：T:Ive got a little water in my glass.提示bowlS: Ive
11、 got a little water in my bowl.T :potatoesS :Ive got a few potatoes in my bowl.T: HeS: Hes got a few potatoes in his bowl.T: milkS: Hes got a little milk in his bowl.要想正确填入替代的工程，组成一个新句子，学生须记住并理解前一句话的内容。这对稳固学生的根底知 识非常有益。三直接对话老师对学生A说：“Ask B where hes going.”学生A：“Where are you going, Mr.B?”老师对学生B说： “Te
12、ll him youre going to the post office.”学生B说：“Im going to the post office.”此种练习合适于根底较好的学生。四猜猜看学生认真听老师或某个同学描绘身边的某人或某物，然后猜是何人或何物。描绘：He is tall ,very tall, perhaps the tallest in the class. He plays basketball well. He is amember of the school team as well as the class team. Who is he?描绘时不要夸张学生的弱点，而应赞扬他
13、们的优点或强项。四、听听写写一区分方位听一些句子或一段对话，在给出的地点中选择事情最有可能发生的地方。如：(dining- room, library, con cert hall, department store, gas station, museum)Whats on the menu? Not too many dishes, hm? (dining-room)What can I do for you? I want to buy a pair of shoes, please.(de-partment store)二搜索信息根据一段对话或文章，先给学生提出几个问题，然后让学生听这
14、段对话或文章，再让他们找出这些问题的 答案。如：Wang Hai: May I speak to Mr Wang Qiang?Operator :Just a minute.Wang Qiang: Hello!Wang Hai: Hello, Uncle. This is Wang Hai.Wang Qing: Wang Hai, when are you ing to see us?Wang Hai: My holidays begin on 5 July. Im leaving here on 6 July.Wang Qiang: Good!By the way, what day of
15、the week is that?Wang Hai:6 July is Sunday.Wang Qiang: Well,I dont work on Sunday, Shall I meet you at the station?Wang Hai: Thatll be nice. Thank you, Uncle.See you then.Wang Qiang: See you.问题 信息Who is speaking to Mr. Wang Hai.Wang Qiang?When is Wang Hai ing On 6 July.to see his uncle?What day of the week 6 July is Sunday.is 6 July?Where shall Wang Hais At the stat
