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1、虚拟语气1.规则虚拟：即含if从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为:时间if从句主句对将来did（were） / were to + do / should + dowould / could / might / should + do对现在did（were）同上对过去had donewould / could / might / should + have doneV . -tVi注意：1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, we
2、re等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。4) 介短、副词代替 if 从句：如 without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词 :(should) do适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(扌旨导，要求),insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge 等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟 名从。注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在
3、的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要 用陈述语气，即实际时态。3. wish 等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格： 即表示现在、将来用 did / were / was; 表示过 去用 had done。适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time等。4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟：should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意） could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做）neednt
4、 have done 本没必要做 （实际做了 ）would like / love to have done would rather have done本来想要做某事（但未做）had better have done5. 句型：1）If it were not for., I would / should / might / could + do“要不是，我现在就。”（对现在的虚拟）If it had not been for. , I would / should / might / could + have done.“要不是，我当时就。”（对过去的虚拟）2）It is importan
5、t / necessary / natural / strange . + 从句It is a shame / pity / no wonder. + 从句. 以上从句谓语动词皆为： （should） do3）had hoped / expected / intended / planned /. + to do 本希望 / 打算做（但未做成） 巩固练习：1. -If he , he that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned
6、; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken2. computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May3. The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. have C. will hav
7、e D. shall have4. Their words suggested they tired, and I suggest we the further training.A. are; put off B. were; put off C. had; put off D. were; shall put off5. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy. He acted as if hethe boss.A. should have given; wereB. might have given; had beenC. may h
8、ave given; had beenD. may give; was6. His proposal is that the machine at once.A. is stopped B. would be stopped C. be stopped D. is being stopped7. -Where?-I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or Ihere earlier.A. did you go; had arrivedB. were you; would comeC. are; wasD. have you been; would have bee
9、n8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow9. The doctor insisted that the patient seriously ill and operated on at once.D. be; was-No, but I wish IA. be; be B. was; was C. was; be10. -Have you visited the Great W all of China?A
10、. willB. hadC. haveD. did11. -Shall I tell them the news?A. wontB. dont-No, I would rather theyknow it.C. wouldntD. didnt12. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning.A. needntB. mayntC. cantD. mustnt13. Isnt it time that you someones life easier?A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of
11、C. made; a bit D. have; a little14. - I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week.- Oh, I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.A. would have intended B. intend C. had intended D. have intended15. - Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?-I agree, bu
12、t the problem ishe has refused to.A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what16. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. having goneC. goingD. to have gone17. - How I want to have studied ha
13、rder when I was in school.- If you had, you work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never.A. dontB. wouldntC. didntD. wont18. Without your help, our teamthe last match.A. wont winB. will loseC. wouldnt have wonD. cant have lose19. If it were not for the fact that you ill, I would
14、 ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. wasC. areD. be20. Our geography teacher has never been abroad, but he often talks as if he to manycountries. A. had been B. should have been C. would have been D. has been虚拟语气：BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA倒装1. 完全倒装：即将谓语动词的全部置于主语之前。常见用法：1) 当here, there, in, out, up, dow
15、n, on等副词置于句首，且主语为名词时；2) 将表示地点、方位的介词短语置于句首；3) 直接引语置于句首，其后的主语是名词时。2. 部分倒装：即将谓语动词 的一部分置于主语之前(如助动词 be, do, have, will，和情态动词may, can, must, should等)。常见用法：1) 否定词或词组，如 neither, nor, never, nowhere, not, seldom, rarely, scarcely, barely, hardly, no sooner, at no time, in no case, in no way, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时；2) so 表示“也”， neither/ nor 表示“也不”；so / such. that表示“那样以至于”置于句首时；3) only + 状语 / 状从，置于句首时 , 主句要部分倒装；注意：当 only + 主语置于句首时，则用正常语序。4) not o
