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1、 英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition
2、 of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express th
3、eir ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟13401400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance
4、(传奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight BeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Eu
5、rope beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. redisco
6、very of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and t
7、he man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历 The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosa
8、lind. 爱情小唱? 2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔14781535 One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦 3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&
9、powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4. Ben Jonson狐狸 5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641
10、595 “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） 帖木耳大帝? 马耳他的犹太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies四大喜剧: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜
11、; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies四大悲剧: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失
12、乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics: 失乐园 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由?为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best. 2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程 3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Me
