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1、阅读理解专题： 抓住试题选项特征，正确答案手到擒来！正确选项的特征：1.正确选项通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意有关；2.正确选项所在位置:（1）首段段尾句；（2）转折处；（3）因果关系处；（4）条件关系处；3.正确选项设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换，或者正话反说，反话正说；4.正确选项从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can，may，might，尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性；5.正确选项具有概括性、深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。错误选项的特征：1.无中生有，乃原文中未提及的概念；2.正反混淆；3.所答非所问（选项符合原文，但是不
2、符合题干）；4.扩大范围；5.因果倒置；6.常识判断（符合常识的不一定是正确答案，但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案）；7.过分绝对。（never/must/no+名词，若有缓和就可能不是错误的）；8.推理过头；9.变换词性；10.偷换概念（偷梁换柱）。干扰项判断技法1包含项在分析选项时，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么，我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“松树”与“森林”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“森林”，森林包含了松树, 因为松树肯定是森林里的一种树，但松树肯定不代表森林。如：Living in a residence ha
3、ll carries certain obligation. You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary（卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant of another persons habits that may dif
4、fer from your own.() What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?A. Your roommates telephone calls.B. Habits that may differ from your own.C. Visits by your roommates friends.D. Roommates who are unsanitary.再如:（）The three examples are cited to show that.A. quit smoking is necess
5、aryB. healthy habits benefit our healthC. fruits and vegetables are better than milkD. we should drink more water everyday 包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。包含项还告诉我们，有时不读原文照样可以做对题，但这绝对不是瞎蒙。2 正反项两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾叫正反项。根据形式逻辑，两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一个是真的。所以在阅读中，假如四个选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。用排除法先缩
6、小范围，以增加得分几率。如：They feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears. ()According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us
7、 when _.A. we are emotionally tiredB. we are physically disabledC. we are so interested in the topicD. we are asked many questions如：The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is lit
8、tle better, but the surfaces temperature is very high. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water cannot support the living necessity of the animals. () There is unlikely any life on Venus because.Ait has very thin atmosphereBthe surface temperature is too hotCthe weather is too coldDit is extremely
9、 short of water正反项原则预示: 陈述内容或基调完全相反的两选项往往有一个是正确答案。3委婉项话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, alwa
10、ys, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly，already等等。如：()According to the first two paragraphs, .A.the use of water is a completely new conceptB.the sea has already long been used as a way of powerC.water is a source of energy far more economical than any other ener
11、giesD.water, if properly handled, may present a promising solution to energy crisis 又如：()The opinion of the writer is that.A. there may be other intelligent beings in the universeB. there are other intelligent beings in the universeC. people living on the earth are almost certainly the only intellig
12、ent beings in the universeD. people living on the earth are definitely the only intelligent beings in the universe再如：()Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Working hard is a basic requirement of all employees.B.Good writing skills alone help you succeed in any field.C.The only q
13、ualification for getting hired by a company is good communication skills.D.While the importance of ones ability to communicate increases, his professional background may become increasingly less important.以后遇到此类干扰项（并非所有题目都可以这样的），尽管大胆作出判断！掌握了此类瞬间解题秘诀，不仅缩短了答题时间，还能保障近乎100%的准确率！这就是所谓的“窍门”！4同形项几个选项如存在形式与
14、结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形。命题人往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项里一般存在有正确答案。 如：The development of rapid transit rail lines in cities should parallel local economic development and blind construction of such lines should be avoidedIt stressed that the amount of domestically ma
15、de equipment used in such infrastructure projects needs to be increased.()The rapid transit rail lines should.A. develop as quickly as possibleB. develop with local economic developmentC. develop after local economic developmentD. develop with the construction industry5常识项在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。如：Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they h
