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1、 2022年职称英语考试理工类B级阅读理解练习题(4)阅读理解题第一篇A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth”s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the oth
2、er 3% - the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs (冰山) and glaciers (冰川). Even worse, some of it has been polluted.At the moment, this small .amount of fresh water is still enough f
3、or us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry.In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one us
4、eful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale.Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water th
5、at has been used to a purifying (净化) plant. There it can be filtered (过滤) and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans
6、! All we”d have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.So if we take all these steps, we”ll be in no danger of drying up!1 The phrase “the world“ in the first line of the passage refers toA “man“
7、.B “you“.C “woman“.D “they“.2 What percentage of the earth”s water can man actually use at present？A Nearly 75 per cent.B About 97 per cent.C Exactly 3 per cent.D Less than 3 percent.3 According to the passage， we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future byA increasing rainfall.B reusing w
8、ater and utilizing sea-water.C cutting down our consumption of water.D reducing the number of factories producing steel.4 Which of the following statements， according to the passage， is NOT true？A A limited water supply will affect industrial production.B Every large city purifies and reuses its wat
9、er.C Purified water is not exactly as fresh as spring water.D Oceans are the largest water source.5 According to the passage， sea-water can be turned into fresh water byA heating it up.B treating it with chemicals.C taking salt out of it.D drying it up.其次篇Nonverbal Thinking in EngineeringMany object
10、s in daily use have clearly been influenced by science. However, their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks
11、 about cannot be reduced to clear verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermo-dynamics (热动力学), but because they were first the picture in the minds of those who built them.”The creative
12、 shaping process of a technologist”s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact (人工制品) that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might express individual (个人的) ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive (直觉的) sense of rightness and fitness
13、. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber (燃烧室)？ Where should the valves (阀) be placed? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirement, by limitations of available space, and not in the least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall
14、thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element of engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, which is the s
15、pecial technique of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need “hard thinking“, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal mathematical thought.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical (分析的) engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded
