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1、考研阅读理解Part A命题规律与答题技巧：一考研阅读理解Part A命题规律与答题技巧：一阅读理解Part A试题在考察内容上大致可分为五种类型：1)主旨大意题；2)事实细节题；3)语义理解题；4) 观点态度题和5)推理判断题。按出现频率由高到低分别是：事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、语义理解题和观点态度题。下面我们来分别评述各类题型的命题特点与解题思路。(一)主旨大意题1主旨大意题的种类及题干表现形式1从考察的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：A篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进展提问。主题句出如今首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。B段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段
2、落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。2从考察的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考察文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考察文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的.最正确标题)三种。主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, main topic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。比方：(1)What is the main idea of the passage?(2)What is the key
3、/main point of the passage?(3)The passage is mainly about _.(4)The passage is mainly concerned about _. (5)The passage mainly discusses _.(6)This passage was written to explain _. (7)The passage mainly deals with _. (8)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?(9)Which sentence best summarizes t
4、he article?(10)The purpose of this passage is _. (12)In this passage the author tries to _. (13)Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? (14)The best title for the text may be _.2.主旨大意题的命题规律1段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。2语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的
5、写作目的或根本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。3因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。3.主旨大意题干扰项与正确选项的特点1干扰项特点：A部分信息：涉及文章的某一细节，犯了以偏概全的错误。B涉及某一自然段的大意，而非整篇文章的中心思想，犯了归纳不够的错误。C选项概括范围太宽，其内容超出文章阐述的部分，犯了归纳过头的错误。这类干扰项常常在提问文章标题的题目中出现。D与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。2正确选项的特点：A含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案。一般来说，句子中含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity
6、, various, both, general, many, difficult(y), way, necessary, necessity, importance等词的是正确答案。B这类题的答案往往在内容相近的选项中。C较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。4主旨大意题答题技巧例解这类题型主要测试考生对文章某一段或全篇大意的把握。做这类题时，首先要找到主题句。但考研题中很少直接考主题句，主题句的作用在于帮助我们正确理解文章，然后经过分析p 、推理得出正确答案。1时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段，答案很可能就在这些段落中。例如：Bill Gates, the billionair
7、e Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration) .Q: What is the passage mainly about?AWhy there is an increased enrolment in MBA programs _
8、.BThe necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools _.CDoubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree _.DA debate held recently on university cuses _.答案是C。文章的第一段(上文)第一句作者就点明了本文的主题是对MBA价值的疑心，即答案C。2) 注意文中出现频率高的单词。 这些【关键词】：p 在文中屡次出现，常常是表达主题的主要措辞。例如：Early in the age of affluence that followed
9、 World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, Our enormously productive economy. demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We
10、 need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.Americans have responded to Lebows call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has bee a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the wo
11、rlds two largest economiesJapan and the United Statesshow consumerist definitions of success being ever more prevalent.Over-consumption by the worlds fortunate is an enviro_ental problem u_atched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens
12、 to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollowthat, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and sp
13、iritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of over-consumptionpovertyis no solution to either enviro_ental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, an
14、d hungry nomads turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If enviro_ental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add
15、 noticeably to human satisfaction?Q: It can be inferred from the passage that _. Ahuman spiritual needs should match material affluenceCwhether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueDhow to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem答案是D。这是一道需经过推理的主旨大意题(当然也可以归为推理判断题)。阅读全文我们会发现，一些词连续屡次出现，如“consumption”，“consume”，“consumerist”，“over-consumption”。由此可知，文章大意与“consumption”有关。A、B均未提及，可以排除；C虽然提及“consumption”，但文中没有说是否鼓励高消费仍然是一个问题；文章最后一段说If enviro_ental destruction results when people have either too little or too mu
