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1、9A Unit3 语法讲与练宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who，whom，whose, what,which和连接副词when，whe
2、re，why，how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词或副词在句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the NO. 3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late. 3. 由if 或wether引导的宾语从句。if和wether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (wether) he lives here. He as
3、ked me wether (if) I could help him.注意：在以下情况只能用wether而不能用if。 A. 句中含有or,或or not。 I dont know wether we will have a party tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. Can you tell me wether well have a test or not. B. 从句在介词之后。 Our achievements depend on wether we have worked hard.【宾语从句用法歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/weth
4、er，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词，语序，时态把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/wether连。特殊疑问作宾从，原来疑问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称，标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心中。【歌诀含义解码】一. 三姊妹所代指。宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew (that) we should learn from each other.2. 由if/wether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/ wether you have been to
5、 America.3. 由wh-/how引导的表语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?二. 三关的解释。1. 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，（前面已有讲）2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍然用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.一般疑问词和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. I w
6、onder if /wether he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况定。如： I have learned (that) he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said (that) there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
7、如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.三. 人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致：如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致：如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. He asked me if I knew her telephone number.
8、2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号：主句是疑问句，用问号。 Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?四. 两幅面孔 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于哪一类。如： If it rains tomorrow, I wont come. (时间状语从句) I dont know if it
9、will rain tomorrow.(宾语从句)五. 从句的简化1. 当主句谓语是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动词不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could
10、 help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station?小试牛刀一. 选合适的连接词填空。1. Wang Hai told me_he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, wh
11、y)2. Can you tell me_else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)3. He always thinks_he can do better. (how, who)4. I really dont know_the bridge will be finished. (how long, how soon)5. They dont know_we are hiking. (what, where)6. I dont know_so many people are crowding round him. (why, how)7. D
12、o you know_shirt it is? (who, whose)二. 根据汉语提示完成句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 Li Ming says_ _interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不会回来了。 I dont think Mary_ _.3. 山姆对我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he_ _for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？ Could you tell me_I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 我想知道今天晚上有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know_there is a train to Beijing.6. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？ Do you know_ _a double room_?7. 请你告诉我们外出多长时间好吗？ Could you tell us_ _we are going to be away?
