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1、自考英美文学选读要点总结精 心整理英美文学选读要点总结精心整理英国 Chapter1 The Renaissance period( 14 世纪至十七世纪中叶)文艺复兴1. Huma nism is the esse nee of the Ren aissa nee.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物 之灵。3. Re
2、naissanee humanists found in then elassies a justifieation to exalt human nature and eame to see that human beings were glorious ereatures eapable of individual development in the direetion of perfeetion, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy
3、.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的 生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists. 托马斯 .摩尔，克利斯朵夫 .马洛和威廉 .莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。5. Wyatt introdueed the Petrarehan sonnet into England. 怀亚特将彼特拉克的十
4、四行诗引进英 国。6. The first period of the English Renaissanee was one of imitation and assimilation. 英国文艺复 兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。7. The goals of humanistie poetry are: skillfulhandling of eonventions, foree of king1970uage,and, above all, the development of a rhetorieal plan in whieh meter, rhyme, seheme, ima
5、gery and argument should all be eombined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief. 人文主义 诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即 将格律，韵脚(式) ，组织结构，意象(比喻，描述)与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极 为鲜明生动的表现出来。8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissanee England are Christopher Marlowe, WilliamShak
6、espeare, and Ben Jon so n.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本 .约翰逊。9. Franeis Baeon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist. 费兰西斯 .培根是英国历史上最 重要的散文家。(I) Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 .斯宾塞10. the theme of Rederosse is no“t Arms and the man, ”but something more romantie- “Fieree wars and faithful loves.
7、”仙后的主题并非“男人与武器” ，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情” 。11. It is Spensers idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。(II) Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫 .马洛12. As the most gifted of the “University Wits, ” Marlowe eomposed six pla
8、ys within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II. 马洛是当时“大学才子” 中最富才华的人， 在他短暂的一生中， 他完成了六部剧本的创作。 其中最负盛名的是：帖木尔，浮士德博士的悲剧，马耳他岛的犹太人以及爱德华二世 。13. Marlowe s greatest aehievement lies in that he perfeeted the blank verse and
9、made it the prineipal medium of English drama. 马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的 文体形式。14. Marlowe s seeond aehievement is his ereation of the Renaissanee hero for English drama. 马洛的 第二项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。15. His brilliant aehievement as a whole raised him to an eminenee as the pioneer of English dram
10、a. 他 对戏剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。16. The passionate shepherd to his love 激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘This short poem is eonsidered to be one of the most beautiful lyries in English literature. 这首短诗是英 国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。(III) William Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亚17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history
11、 plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona. The Taming of the Shrew, and Love s LhOoU在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：亨利六世，理查三世，泰托斯 .安东尼以及四部喜剧： 错误的戏剧 ， 维洛 那二绅士，驯悍记和爱的徒劳 。18. In the second period, he wrote fi
12、ve histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV , Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night Dsream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeoand Juliet and Julius Caesar. 在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧： 理查
13、三世，约翰王，亨利四世， 亨利五世以及六部喜剧仲夏夜之梦 ，威尼斯商人，无事生非，皆大欢喜，第十二夜， 温莎的风流娘儿们 ，还有两部悲剧：罗密欧与朱丽叶和裘利斯 .凯撒。19. Shakespeare thsird period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. Thetragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Cor
14、iolanus. The two comedies are Alll That sEnWdesl and Measure for Measure. 第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧(或悲喜剧) ，悲剧有：哈姆雷特，奥赛罗， 李尔王麦克白安东尼与克利奥佩特拉 特罗伊勒斯与克利西达及克里奥拉那斯 。两 部喜剧是终成眷属和一报还一报 。20. The last period of Shakespeare s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter s Tal
15、e and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事与暴风雨。 他最后两部剧是亨利八世与鲁克里斯受辱记 。21. Shakespeare s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet s own feelings.这些十四行诗都 是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。22. Shakespeare s history plays are mainly written under the prin
16、ciple that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity. 莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题： 在一个强大英明的君主统领 下的国家，统一是非常必要的。23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. 在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与 青春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。24. The suc
