英语动词时态.doc

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1、专题复习 动词时态和语态一、 一般现在时 1、构成: 一般用动词原形,主语是三人称单数时动词要加-s。 2、用法: 1)表经常性,习惯性的动作。 They go to school on foot every day.(他们每天都走路上学。) 2) 现在的特征或状态。 We are students. (我们是学生。) Its sunny today.(今天天晴) 3)现在的能力或爱好。He can dance well. I like English. 4) 客观事实或普遍真理。 The moon moves around the earth.(月亮绕着地球转) 5) 时间状语从句或条件状语

2、从句中表将来。 Hell write to you as soon as he gets to Beijing. (他一到北京就给你写信。) Well visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow. (如果明天不下雨我们就去长城。) 6)口语中表将来。 What day is it tomorrow? (明天星期几?) 3 、时间状语: every day, once a week , often , usually , on Monday 等。二、 一般过去时: 1、构成: 动词要用过去时。 2、用法: 1) 表示过去的动作或状态。 We s

3、aw a film yesterday. (我们昨天看来了一场电影。) He was a student 3 years ago .(他三年前是一个学生。) 2) 过去经常性,习惯性的动作。 He was often late for school last year.(他去年经常迟到。) 3) 时间状语从句或条件状语从句中过去的表将来。 He said he would let us know when he heard the news.( 他说当他听到这个消息时,他将让我们知道 。) 3、时间状语: yesterday , last night, three days ago ,just

4、 now等表过去的时间状语。 三、一般将来时。1、构成: be going to + 动词原形 will / shall + 动词原形2、 使用: 1) 表示将来的动作或状态。 I shall / will go back home next month.(我将在下个月回家。) Will there be a football match in our school tomorrow?(明天我们学校有足球赛吗?) 2) 表计划,打算,或在短时间内即将发生的动作 ( be going to + 动词原形) We are going to visit the museum tomorrow.(我们

5、打算明天去参观博物馆。) Look! Its going to rain.(看,要下雨了。) 3)表位置移动的的动词,如:come, go, leave等可用现在进行时表将来。 Your grandma is coming for dinner.(你的奶奶要来吃晚饭。) When are you leaving?(你什么时候离开?) 4) 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。 Im going to be a basketball player when I grow up.(我长大了将当篮球运动员。) Please give me a call as soon as you g

6、et home.(你一到家就请给我大电话。) You will catch up with others if you do your best.(如果你尽力的话,你将回赶上其他人。)3、 时间状语: Tomorrow, next week, soon, in five days, before long 等表将来的时间状语。 四、现在进行时: 1 构成: be (am, is are) + 现在分词(V-ing) 2、使用:译成“在干什么” 1)现在正在进行的动作。 Look! They are watching TV. What are you doing now? Im cleaning

7、 my room. 2) 当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。 He is working on the farm these days. 3) 表位置移动的动词可用进行时表将来。 He is coming to see his uncle tomorrow. They are going to the movies this weekend. 3 时间状语: now , look, listen, these days, all the time 等。 五、过去进行时: 1、 构成: be ( was, were ) + 现在分词(V-ing) 2、 使用:译成“在干什么” 1) 过去某个时间或某

8、段时间正在进行的动作,一般是大时间中含小时间。 They were watching TV when I came in . She was doing her homework from eight to nine last night. 3、时间状语:一般是大时间中含小时间,或是时间状语从句。 at nine yesterday, when the bell rang等。 六、现在完成时:1、 构成: have / has + 动词过去分词2、使用: 1)表动作到现在已经完成,强调“做了”。 I have opened the door. They have set up a factor

9、y in their village. 2) 动作在过去已经完成,对现在造成的影响或结果,强调“做过”。 I have read the novel twice. Have you ever heard of that man? No, Ive never heard of him. 3) 过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在,含现在。 They have learned English for 5 years. I have been here for an hour. 这时要求动词是延续性动词,常见的有: come, go -be in / at die -be dead buy -have b

10、orrow -keep begin -be on join -be in 注意,非延续性动词的否定形式能与表一段的时间状语连用。 Hi, I havent seen you for a long time. 我好长时间没有见你了。 3、时间状语: already, just, ever, never, before, in the last / past ten years, for two days, since last year等。 4、 与一般过去时的区别; 一般过去时强调过去的动作,关心动作发生的时间,地点, 方式,是谁做的,与过去时间状语连用,不涉及现在。现在完成时强调动作对现在造

11、成是影响,关心动作做没做,做没做过,过去的动作或状态要延续到现在,不与过去时间状语连用。七、 过去完成时: 1、 构成: had + 动词过去分词 2 、使用: 1) 表在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,既“过去的过去” By the end of last week we had learned three units. When I woke up, the sun had already risen up. 2) 表由过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去的另一时刻的动作。 He said he had worked there for 3 years. It rained yeste

12、rday after it had been dry for 3 months.干旱三个月后,昨天下了雨。 3、时间状语: by the end of last week等或从句中。 八、过去将来时: 1、构成: be ( was, were ) going to + 动词原形 would, should + 动词原形 2 、使用: 1)表过去某个时间看来将回发生的动作或存在的状态,既“过去的将来”,常用与宾语从句中。 He said he would clean his room the next day .他说他将在第二天打扫他的屋子。 主动语态和 被动语态 使用:主动语态的主语是动作的发出者,被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,既“被怎么”。由be (am, is, are, was, were)+动词过去分词构成。注意:1、被动语态没有省 to不定式,主动语态中省去的to要加上。 He was made to clean the classroom yesterday. 2、变成被动语态后,短语动词中的介词不能丢。 In china, the old are looked after well.

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