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1、 非谓语动词 概述：非谓语动词就是在句子中不能担当谓语的某种动词形式。它包括，动词不定式、动名词和分词。中考重点：中考对非谓语动词的考察侧重于动词不定式，其次是动名词和分词。重点是动词不定式作宾语补足语、状语和定语；动词不定式与疑问词连用；感官动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常要省略to；remember, forget等后接动名词和动词不定式的不同含义；固定句型和固定词组搭配等等。第一专题：动词不定式。一 构成：肯定形式：“to+动词原形”， 否定形式：“not to+动词原形”二 动词不定式的句法功能：（一）作主语（动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词用三单形式） To speak Engli
2、sh is not easy.To say it is one thing and to do it is another.动词不定式做主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面。其结构为：“it+be+adj.(+for/of sb)+ 动词不定式” 或“it+be+n+ 动词不定式”To learn English well is useful = It is useful to learn English well.It is very clever of you to do like that.(什么时候用for什么时候用of？你知道么？)It is our duty to
3、 protect the environment.(二) 作表语 The best way is to read the play before you see it. My dream is to become a doctor in the future.（三）作宾语 Would you like to go to the concert with me? I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 注意：1.在动词find, think, believe suppose等后面做宾语时，常常用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 I find it not e
4、asy to develop a good habit. Do you think it our duty to help others? 2. 不定式常和疑问词 who,what, which, where, when why, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 Im very upset and dont know what to do next.= Im very upset and dont know what I will do next.Could you please tell me where to park my car?= Could you please tell me
5、where I should park my car?（四）作宾语补足语 (动词不定式作宾语补足语时，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作全过程；现在分词作宾语表示动作正在发生；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的动作。) I heard someone knock at the door three times. Listen ! Could someone hear someone knocking at the door ? I was glad to see the child well taken care of in the kindergarten.Lucy asked me to tur
6、n down the radio.My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.注意：一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾补，不定式要省略to. 这些动词有: 一感 feel、二听 hear, listen to、三让 let ,make ,have、四看 look at, see, watch, notice、半帮助 help. I saw a boy enter the office. Will you help me (to) carry the box? 但这些动词变成被动语态时，必须加上to The boss made my friends wor
7、k far into the night (主动，没to) My friends were made to work far into the might by the boss. (被动，有to).(五) 作定语 (动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 In the future, humans will have less work to do. He was the first Chinese actor to win the international prize. 注意：1. 如果不定式中的动词是不及物的，且与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系， 要在不
8、定式后面加上适当的介词。 Please give me some paper to write on. There is nothing to worry about. 2. 当名词被the first, the last 修饰时，往往用不定式作定语。 He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.(六) 作状语(表目的、结果、原因等) They worked three more hours a day to finish the project on time.He was astonished to hear t
9、he terrible news.Hes old enough to make a trip alone. 注意：不定式作目的状语时，可用 in order to 和so as to 替换to He got up very early to/in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.三不定式中to 的省略情况：1. 在使役动词和感官动词后，作宾语补足语时，省略to （前面讲过）2. why (not) +动词原形Why not tell me about it in time?Why argue with her about such a thing?
10、3. had better, would rather, may(might) as well, rather than 后面跟动词原形I would rather be alone at home.You may as well go without her.4. 为了避免重复，由and或or连接两个不定式时，一般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。例如：Im really puzzled what to think or say. We want to swim and climb the hills next Saturday.如果前后两个不定式在意义上有对比关系时，不定式符号to不能省略。例
11、如： I came not to scold, but to praise you.第二专题：动名词一 成：肯定式：动词原形+-ing； 否定式：not+动词原形+-ing二 名词的句法功能：(一) 做主语（动名词做主语时，谓语动词用三单形式）Smoking is a bad habit.Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.注意：动名词做主语时，有时也用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在后面。其结构为：It is/was+adj/n+动名词。此时的表语往往是useful, useless, no use, good, no go
12、od等等It is no use doing such kind of work.不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语，一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意：(1) 不定式通常表示一种意愿、目的或者未完成的事情。 而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为通常表示已经知道的事实或者经验。如： To complete the program needs much effort.Riding a bike can make a man smart. (2) 在疑问句中，只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如：Is his speaking reasonable? (3) 在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如：
13、It is no use doing/ It is no good doing / It is useless doing/It is worthwhile doing如：It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. (4) 一般说来，作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致，即：或同时为不定式，或同时为-ing分词。如：Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼见为实(二) 作宾语1. 作介词的宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. She was af
14、raid of waking up her husband.2. 作动词的宾语I like playing football very much.I enjoy watching TV news after supper. 英语中有一些单词常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有： 完成实践值得忙 (finish, parctice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯别放弃 ( keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想 (consider, suggest, cant help, feel like) 喜欢思念要介意 (enjoy, miss mind
15、)3. 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 (只列举中考常考内容) 1） stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事2） forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（未做）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（未做）3) remembere to do sth. 记得要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 （已做）4） try to do sth. 设法或努力去某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事5） regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 （已做）6） mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事7） go on to do sth. 做完一件事，然后接着做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事情8） be afraid to
