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1、现在完成时讲解（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式Ihavenot(havent)studied.HaveIstudied.?Youhavenot(havent)studied.Haveyoustudied.?Hehasnot(hasnt)studied.Hashestudied.?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(HaventI)studied.?Ye
2、s,youhave.No,youhavent.Haveyounot(Haventyou)studied.?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Hashenot(Hasnthe)studied.?Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.2）用法：1) 现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2) 表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,
3、如recently,already,just,lately,for.since.,yet等。如：Ihaventheardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaventseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twoda
4、ys等。Exercise:用since和for填空1. JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2. JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3. HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4. Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7oclock.5. Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6. Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting20minutes.7. Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyy
5、ears.8. Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.xTheoldmanhasdiedfor4months.xTheyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.x以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasfor4months.Theyhave
6、onlyfor5minutes2) have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。试比较：Wherehashebeen?他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了)Wherehashegone?他上哪儿去了？(人不在)TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3) 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,
7、twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。Ihaventreadityet.我还没读过这个。Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红一直是个好学生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYana
8、n.他们从未去过延安。Ihaventseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1. Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.2. he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3. Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4. WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.5. I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.6. SofarI(make)
9、quiteafewfriendshere.7. HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8. Ijust(finish)myhomework.9. He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10. you(find)yoursciencebookyet?11. Ifit(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12. Thestudents(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13. Look!Themonkey(climb)thetree.14. Mymother（come）toseemene
10、xtSunday.15. Ivelostmypen.you（see）itanywhere?II. Choosethebestanswer.1.HowlonghaveyouA.comeB.gothere?C.arrivedD.been2.MygrandpadiedA.attheageofmy2C.whenIwas2.3.JanehasA.been4.ItistenyearsA.afterB.for2yearsD.myagewas6.toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.B.goneC.wentIlastsawher.B.sinceC.forD.neverbeenD.
11、that5. -WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6. -Whatanicedress!Howlong-Just2weeks.youit?C.are,havingA.will,buyB.did,buy7.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.have,hadD.haveturned8.TheSmi
12、thsA.haslivedinChinafor8years.B.livedC.havebeenD.live9. -Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10. -youevertotheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII. Rewritethesentences.1. IhavebeentoMacaubefore.（改为否定句）
13、IbeentoMacaubefore.2. Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.（就划线部分提问）hecometoschool?3. Iboughanewbikejustnow.（用just改写）Ijustanewbike.4. WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.（改为同义句）WeEnglishthreeyears5. Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）6. Theyhavebeenheresince2000.（对划线部分提问）havetheybeenhere?7. Theoldmanlastyear.H
14、ehasforayear.(die)(动词填空)8. MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohasanhourago.Askthequestions1) Ihavebeentherefortwodays.you?2) Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.yourfather?3) Helefthereyesterday.he?4) Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.theyabook?Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.1. Ihave
15、seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2. Jackhasfinishedhishomework.3. Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.4. “Haveyouseenthefilm?”“No,Ihaveseenit.”5. “Hasthebusleft?”“Yes,ithasleft.”现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 这本字典我已买了三年了。8. 他离开中国三年了。9. 我认识他们五年了。10. 他们已去了美国五年了。11. 自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。12. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。二、用since和for填空1.two
