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1、Foreign Economic Contract Documents in Writing and Translation对外经济合同英文写作和翻译 UNIT ONESOME LANGUAGE FEATURES IN CONTRACT DOCUMENTS对外经济合同中的英语语言特点 选词用词比普通函电难，句子结构独特； 使用正式的法律用词； 大量使用法律副词； 同义词连用； 应具备相应的专业知识和法律知识1. 选用正式的或法律条文的用词 Examples (1) The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed
2、 to be constructed as part of this Contract. 整个合同期间，本合同的附件应被理解为合同的一部分。 注：句中的 be deemed（被认为）和 constructed （理解）为正式用词。Be deemed 比 considered 正式，construed 比 understood 正式。 (2) The first Board meeting shall be convened within one month after the inssuance of the Companys business license. 第一次董事会应在公司营业执照签
3、发后一个月内召开。 注：句中convened 比 called held/ assembled正式。 (3) “Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be executed in accordance with the Contract. “永久工程”是指根据合同将实施的永久工程。 注：in accordance with 在合同等法律文件中常用，比 according to 要正式。 (4) The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed pa
4、rt thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同文本的一部分，在合同条件或合同本身的理解或解释中也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。 注：句中construction 意为explanation,但比explanation正式，此词在法律文件中常用。有的国际法律文本中，此词被译为“构成”，显然是错误的。 (5) If under Clause 31 the Employer employs other
5、Contractors on the Site, the Employer shall require them to have the same regard for safty and danger. 如果根据第31条规定，业主在现场还雇佣其他承包人时，业主应同样地要求这些承包人在安全和避免危险方面负同样的责任。 注：句中require是正式用语，比ask正式。而且require表示上对下的要求，表示法律条款对合同当事人的要求。而ask一词没有这么明确，它含有request 和require 之意，其中request表示下对上的要求，在译成中文时，为“请求”。可见在此句中只能用requir
6、e最为恰当。 (6) The submission to and consent by the Engineer of such programs or the provision of such general descriptions or cash flow estimates shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract. 向工程师提交并同意的上述进度计划或提供上述一般说明或现金流通量估算，并不解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务或责任。 注：句中 co
7、nsent（同意）和 estimate（估算）都是正式用词。 (7) The Chairman may convene an interim meeting in accordance with a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可根据董事会三分之一董事的提议，召集临时董事会。 句中convene（召集）和interim（临时）都是正式用词。 (8) The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of th
8、e excution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price. 业主特此立约保证向承包人支付合同总价，以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注：covenants是法律用语，意为签订有法律约束力的正式合约。2. 同义词连用 Another language feature is that an expression may contain two synonyms or more repeating each other in order to avoid
9、possible misunderstanding. 进行法律文书的英文写作时，对一些关键性的词常常采用同义词连用。这主要是为了克服由于许多英语词具有一词多义的特点，而在句中可能发生意思不明，合同双方可能按自己的意图来理解。为确保所用词不被曲解，采用同义词连用，取两个或两个以上同义词的共义，以保证内容上的准确，维护法律文件的独解性尊严。Examples (1) The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in
10、 the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同文本的一部分，在合同条件或合同本身的理解或解释中也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。 注：句中construction 意为explanation同义，意为“理解，解释”。 (2) This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B. 本协议由甲方和乙方签订。 句中made和entered into同义，意为签订协议。by和between同义，意
11、为由甲方和乙方签订。 (3) The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employers obligations and resposibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replacement cost. 在不限定第20条中规定的承包人和业主的义务和责任的条件下，承包人应以全部重置成本对工程，并对用于工程材料和工程配套设备进行保险。 句中
12、obligations和responsibilities 同义。 (4) Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential such part as is already published. 甲方不再承担已经被公开部分的保密义务。 句中secret和confidential同义。 (5) The amendments to or alterations of this Contract come into effect only after they are signed by the Par
13、ties hereto and approved by the original approving authorities. 本合同的修改只有经双方的签字并经原审批主管机关批准后才能生效。 句中amendments和alterations同义。 (6) The parties to this Contract shall fulfill or perform any of the obligations under this Contract. 本合同双方应履行合同规定的义务。 句中fulfill和perform同义。 (7) Any such consent shall not relie
14、ve the Contractor from any liability or obligation under the Contract. 本合同双方应履行合同规定的义务。 句中liability 和 obligation 同义。 (8) If the Contractor shall duly perform and observe all the terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations of the said Contract, this obligation shall be null and void but otherwise
15、shall be and remain in full force and effect. 如果承包人切实履行并遵守上述合同的所有条款、条件及规定，本保证书所承担的义务即告终止，否则这种义务保持完全有效。 句中连用了几组同义词，以表示强调法律条款的严密性。其中terms, provisions, conditions, stipulations皆为同义，意为合同的条款及规定。null和void为同义，意为无效。另外，be和remain同义；force和effect也是同义。3. 外语与相关的专业知识和国际法知识相结合 有的句子，从英语语言角度看是正确的，但是从法律和专业方面看也许不正确，如果作为合同定下来，有时会给人以不礼貌感，有时还可能会给一方造成严重经济损失。 (1) The Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and c
