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1、动词不定式(the infinitive) 用法梳理 (1)定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主语O多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。不定式做主语时，常用代词it来代替不定式结构， 这时it被称为形式主语，而作为句子真正主语的不 定式则被后置往往放乂和Bdj-之后-To learn English well is not ea
2、sy. = Its not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty, to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.O动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。O疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。How to learn English well is importan
3、t.it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如: lt+be+名词+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work lt+be+形容词+for sb+to do逻辑主语It is difficuIt for us to finish wri ting the composi tion a quarter of an hour. It+be+形容词+of sb+to do“It i
4、s stupid of you to wri te down everythig the teacher says.注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary等； 在中，常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, hones t, kind, lazy, nice, righ t, silly, st upid,丿wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb.,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is+形容词+to do句式,女口
5、： Its kind of you to help me with my English.二 You are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.【练习 】1. Its very nice of t hem (send) me the flowers.2. (become) a t eacher is my dream.3. It s very impor tan t to learn English well.(同 义句转换)English
6、 well very impor tant.4. Itsour dutyt he room every day. A. t o clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans5. Itshard for usEnglish well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning6. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It willthe workers over a yearthe flyover.7. Its very niceyou to get me two ti cke tsthe World Cup.A. for
7、, ofB. of, forC. to, forD. of, to二、用作宾语宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者一般跟在及物 动词后面.1. 可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：在want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。【练习1：在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式19210311412567813141516练习2】1. They want (save) tim
8、e by using shorter words and phrases.2. Its time for class. Please stop (talk).3. Id like (go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decided at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D.going5. The teacher told us in bed. A. Dont read B. read not C. to not read D.not to read2. 动词feel,
9、find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式,句子结构是 .feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如：I find it difficuIt (remember)everything.I find it a good way (提高)my English.及物动词+不定式一般形式：want （想）/ try（试图）/ decide（决定）/ would like（想要）/ hope（希望）/ love（喜 爱）/ learn（学会）/ agree（同意）/ fail（失 败、未能）/ wish（希
10、望）+to（无）help（帮助）（do）to可以省略begin（开始）/ start（开始）/ha te（憎恨）也可跟动名词，意义变化不大forge t（忘记）/ remember（记得）/ like（总 爱）也可跟动名词，意义变化较大及物动词+疑问词+不定式：谓语动词（v t.）+wh-疑问词+不定式（作宾说明语）tell （告诉）/ show （显示）/ know （知wha t不定式疑问道）/ ask （|、可）/ find out 发现）/where形式还可以unders tand （明白）/ learn（学会）/+ how丿+ to （do）作句子的主forget（忘记）/ reme
11、mber（记得）/who语、表语等。t each sb.（教某人）which注意：后跟不带to的动词做宾语补足语的词，see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth./have sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth.【巩固练习】1. Let him a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. have C. to have D. having2. the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. Wh
12、at to use C. Where to use D. Which to use3. The teacher told us in bed.A. dont readB. read notC. to not read D. not to read4. The TV set is too loud. Will you please A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it5. Its cold outside. You had better your coat.A. to put on B. put
13、ting on C. puts on D. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour (get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want (save) time by using shorter words and phrases.4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how (make
14、) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone (look) at.6. Help him (put) the photos in the correct order.7. He made the girl (cry) yesterday.双宾语 定义：当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着，一个是物，一个是人，采用下列表达方式：动词+人+物=动词+物+介 词 +人。此时，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。结构： “及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“及物动词+直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”例子：I【主语】give【动词】you【间接宾语】a rose.【直接宾语】Igivea rosetoyou.【主语】【动词】【】【】【】【判断】I passedhim anapple.I passedan appleto him.【辨析点】双宾语结构为“及物动词+直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”时，根据动词不同，介词有时为to,有时为for .其中to侧重指动作的方向，表示“朝着，向着，对着”；其中for侧重指动作的受益者，表示“为了，替”。it on toB. pass on it to C. pass it for Dgivesb.sth.= give
