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1、Project Management Body of Knowledge项目管理知识体系学习A Guide to theProject ManagementBody of KnowledgeThird Edition(PMBOK Guide)项目管理知识体系指南（第3版，2004版）PMBOK 指南第一部分 项目管理框架Section I The Project Management Framework第一章 引论Chapter 1 Introduction第二章 项目生命期与组织Chapter 2 Project Life Cycle and Organization1. 引论 Introd
2、uction 项目管理知识体系是项目管理职业的知识总和。The Project Management Body of Knowledge is the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management.1.1 本指南的目的 基本目的：识别项目管理知识体系普遍公认良好做法的那一部分The primary purpose of the PMBOK Guide is to identify that subset of the Project Management Body of Knowledge that is genera
3、lly recognized as good practice.对任何一个指定的项目，项目管理团队负责决定体系中的哪些知识适用The project management team is responsible for determining what is appropriate for any given project 本指南还旨在成为该职业和实践一个共同的术语汇编The PMBOK Guide also provides and promotes a common lexicon for discussing, writing, and applying project managem
4、ent. PMI用于作为项目管理职业培养计划的基本但非唯一的参考资料The Project Management Institute uses this document as a foundational, but not the sole, project management reference for its professional development programs1.2 什么是项目1.2.1 项目的特征Project Characteristics项目是为提供某独特产品、服务或成果所做的临时性努力。A project is a temporary endeavor unde
5、rtaken to create a unique product, service, or result.1、临时性Temporary项目有明确的开始和结束Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end.期限都是有限的The duration of a project is finite.项目不是持续不断的努力Projects are not ongoing efforts2、独特的产品、服务或成果Unique Products, Services, or Results项目创造独特
6、的可交付成果，如产品、服务或成果A project creates unique deliverables, which are products, services, or results.3、渐进明细Progressive Elaboration是项目伴随临时性和独特性两个概念的特点之一Progressive elaboration is a characteristic of projects that accompanies the concepts of temporary and unique意味着分布开发、连续积累Progressive elaboration means dev
7、eloping in steps, and continuing by increments请勿将渐进明细与范围潜变混淆Progressive elaboration should not be confused with scope creep1.2.2 项目与运作Projects vs. Operational Work1、共同点 overlap 由人来做Performed by people 受制于有限的资源Constrained by limited resources 需要规划、执行和控制Planned, executed, and controlled2、区分 differ运作是持
8、续不断和重复进行；项目是临时和独特的Operations are ongoing and repetitive, while projects are temporary and unique.1.2.3 项目和战略规划Projects and Strategic Planning项目是组织在日常运作范围内无法处理的活动的一种手段Projects are a means of organizing activities that cannot be addressed within the organizations normal operational limits项目经常被当作实现组织战略
9、规划的一种手段使用Projects are often utilized as a means of achieving an organizations strategic plan战略考虑，常常是项目批准的典型依据Projects are typically authorized as a result of one or more of strategic considerations1.3 什么是项目管理项目管理就是把各种知识、技能、工具和技术应用于项目活动之中，以达到项目的要求。Project management is the application of knowledge, s
10、kills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements项目管理是通过应用和综合项目管理过程来进行的。Project management is accomplished through the application and integration of the project management processes项目经理是负责实现项目目标的个人。The project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the proj
11、ect objectives1.4 本指南的结构1.5 专业知识领域Areas of Expertise有效的项目管理要求项目管理团队理解和利用至少5个专业领域的知识与技能Effective project management requires that the project management team understand and use knowledge and skills from at least five areas of expertise:1.5.1 项目管理知识体系Project Management Body of Knowledge本指南包含的内容有 项目生命期
12、的定义Project life cycle definition 5个项目管理过程组Five Project Management Process Groups 9个知识领域Nine Knowledge Areas1.5.2 应用领域知识、标准与规章制度Application Area Knowledge, Standards and Regulations 标准A standard is a “document established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides, for common and re
13、peated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.” 规章A regulation is a government-imposed requirement, which specifies product, process or service characteristics, including the applicable adm
14、inistrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. 标准常以为多数人选用的最佳方案的准则形式开始，随着其广泛采用而得到普遍公认，如规章一样Standards often begin as guidelines that describe a preferred approach and later, with widespread adoption, become generally accepted as if they were regulations1.5.3 理解项目环境Understanding the Projec
15、t Environment 文化与社会环境（注意组织文化）Cultural and social environment（organizational culture） 国际与政治环境International and political environment 自然环境Physical environment1.5.4 通用管理知识与技能General Management Knowledge and Skills1.5.5 处理人际关系技能Interpersonal Skills 有效的沟通Effective communication 对组织施加影响Influencing the organization 领导Leadership 激励Motivation 谈判与冲突管理Negotiation and conflict management 解决问题Problem solving1.6 项目管理环境Project Management Context
