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1、. . 山东农业大学毕 业 论 文配电网故障定位技术的研究 院 部 机械与电子工程学院 专业班级 电气工程及其自动化5班 届 次 2015届 学生姓名 谷少侠 学 号 20110728 指导教师 王冉冉 二一五年六月一日装订线. . . 目 录摘要IAbstractII引言11故障定位技术现状及分析2 1.1 现有定位方法概况2 1.2 存在的问题3 1.3 本文的主要工作32 配电网短路故障定位方法分析4 2.1 配电网特点4 2.2 配电网故障定位方法综合分析6 2.2.1 行波法7 2.2.2 阻抗法8 2.2.3 基于配电网自动化系统的定位方法8 2.3配电网短路故障定位方法的研究策略
2、10 2.4 本章小结113 配电网区段短路故障定位方案11 3.1 基于故障指示器的区段定位11 3.2 主干线故障定位12 3.3 分支线故障定位124 配电网精确测距公式推理13 4.1 对称分量法13 4.2 金属性短路故障分析及测距原理算法14 4.3 非金属性短路故障分析及测距算法17 4.4 小结205 总结20参考文献21致谢22iContentsAbstractIIntroduction11 Situation analysis of fault location technology2 1.1 The existing positioning method 2 1.2 Th
3、e problems existing in the3 1.3 The main work of this article32 Short circuit fault location methods to analyze the distribution network 4 2.1 Distribution network characteristics 4 2.2 Comprehensive analysis of distribution network fault location method 6 2.2.1 Traveling wave method7 2.2.2 Impedanc
4、e method8 2.2.3 Methods based on distribution netword automation system8 2.3 Research strategies of distribution network fault location method 10 2.4 The summary of this chapter113 Distribution extents short-circuit fault location principle11 3.1 Based on the fault indicator located in the section11
5、 3.2 The main fault location12 3.3 A branch line fault location 124 Distribution network impedance method precise distance measurement 13 4.1 Symmetrical components method13 4.2 Anailsis and rnging algorithm of metallic short-circuit fault14 4.3 Analysis and ranging algorithm of Non-metallic short-c
6、ircuit fault17 4.4 Smmary205 Conclusion20References21Acknowledgements22ii配电网故障定位技术的研究谷少侠（山东农业大学 机械与电子工程学院 泰安271018）摘要：配电网故障定位技术，对于加快故障处理及时恢复供电，减少因故障损失，具有十分重要的现实意义。限于配电网馈线的复杂性以及监控点设置数量较少，目前配网的故障定位技术只能进行区段定位，即可以确定故障发生哪两个区段开关之间，但无法确定精确的故障点的准确位置。本文提出一种可用于配网馈线精确故障定位技术的新方法。该方法基于配网自动化系统与技术，在故障指示器信息、站内故障录波信
7、息、馈线各分段处FTU的故障录波信息等综合信息的基础上，运用阻抗法测距原理完成对故障点的精确定位。 馈线各个分支均安装有故障指示器，分段开关处安装FTU记录故障信息，各分支线路也安装故障指示器，可根据以上设备在故障时的信息准确确定故障区段以及故障回路；再利用站内故障录波数据信息以及各分段开关处FTU故障录波信息，计算故障后电压及电流向量，最后根据阻抗法原理，结合对称分量法，可以建立关于故障点位置(故障距离)的方程式组，进而推导出配网短路故障点的精确定位算法的公式。关键词：配电网 故障定位 相间短路 故障指示器 阻抗法iThe Research on Fault Location in Dist
8、ribution NetworkGu Shaoxia(Mechanical & Electrical Engineering College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018)Abstract Precise distribution network fault location technology has an important practical significance for speeding up power supply processing and recovery speed, and r
9、educing power losses caused by failure. Because of the complexity of distribution feeders and limitations of monitoring points, the current distribution network fault location can only be implemented in section targeting, which means it can only determine the fault point between two section switches
10、 instead of determining the accurate fault location.This paper proposes a technical to achieve distribution lines fault location. This method combines the current distribution automation systems and technology, based on fault indicator information, station fault recorder information,feeders each seg
11、ment of the fault recording information and comprehensive information to achieve precise position of failure point with impedance ranging principle.Under the premise that fault indicators have been installed on every branch of feeder,according to the message recorded by FTU installed on every sectio
12、n switch and the message recorded by fault indicators installed on each branch line, can determine the fault section and the fault circuit; Using the fault wave record data of station and the fault wave record message of FTU installed on each section switch ,calculate the vector of voltage and curre
13、nt after failure, according to the principle of impedance method, equation group about fault point location (fault distance)can be built by utilizing symmetrical component method,thus can deduce accurate positioning algorithm formula about short-circuit fault of distribution network.Keywords:distrib
14、ution network; fault location; inter phase short; fault indicator; impedance methodii引言 配电网是电力系统的重要组成部分，主要用于分配电能，同时也也是其面向用户的最后环节。配电网的安全稳定运行与用户的切身利益息息相关。但是在各种条件复杂因素下，电网不可避免会发生一些影响正常安全运行的故障。有关资料显示，80%以上的停电事故跟配电网有关，这其中我国占30%左右，发达国家故障停电事故故50%以上。在这些常发故障中，短路故障是最主要的配电网故障1。 目前针对不同的短路原因，相应的有不同的短路故障类型及定位方法。相间短路是配电网故障类型中一种较为常见的故障类型。短路故障发生时很有可能出现停电事故，导致一切用配电装置均不能够继续正常工作。因为配电网直接面向千家万户，所以任何重大故障的出现都会降低供电可靠性和安全性，产生不良社会影响。一但电网不可避免地出现故障，应快速、准确定位故障点并及时排除故障恢复供电，这对保持系统正
