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1、虚拟语气句型及其表现形式 英语句子根据语气可以分三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气 【概念】虚拟语气常用来表示假设、愿望、猜测、比喻或决定、主张、建议和命令等。虚拟语 气主要用于以下一些情况：一.在由if引导的非真实条件状语从句中虚拟情况if条件从句的谓语结果主句的谓语与现在事实相反过去式bewerewouldcouldshouldmight +动词原形与过去事实相反had +过去分词wouldcouldshouldmight + have +过去分词与将来事实相反过去式；Were to +动词原形 should +动词原形wouldcouldshouldmight +动词原形例： We co
2、uld ask the teacher if he were here now.If he were not ill in bed, he might come to class.If I hadnt forgotten your phone number, I should have called you last Sunday.If I were to do it again tomorrow, I might do it in different ways.注意：如果从句中有助动词had, should, were，可以省略if,并采用部分倒装形式，但如 果从句中没有，则不能这样做。例：
3、 Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. Should it (Were it to) rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.小练习： If he were not ill in bed, he might come to class.If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.如果主句的谓语和从句的谓语在时间上不一致，采用混合时间虚拟。如一个事情 发生在过去，一个是现在发生的等。这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。 例
4、： If I were you, I would have attended the lecture.如果我是你，我就去听演讲了(。从句说明现在，主句说明过去)If you hadnt seen that film yesterday, you wouldnt be sleepy now.如果你昨天不去看电影，你现在就不会困了。二 在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构例： Having known in time (=If I had known in time), we might have prevented the accident. 如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免
5、这起事故了。United (=If they had been united), they wouldnt have been defeated.他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。典题：If he, hethat food. Luckily, he was sent to hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken
6、三用连词 or; otherwise; but ;but that 等表示虚拟语气。如： Im really busy, otherwise (=if I werent so busy), I would certainly go with you, 我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定和你一起去。But that I saw it (= If I hadnt seen it), I could not have believed it.要不是亲眼看见的话，我是不会相信的。 四用介词短语表示虚拟结构常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有：with; without; in; under; but for等它们表
7、示的虚拟条件 都可以被 if 从句替换。1. with, withoutwithout表示否定的条件，意为fnot ； with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。 Without air (=If there were no air), there would be no living things 没有空气， 便没有生物。 With her help (= If I had her help), I would do the experiment well.如果有她的帮助，我就可以把实验做好。2. underUnder the leadership of a less experie
8、nced person, the experiment would have failed. (Under = If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person).假设在一个缺少经验的人的领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。3. inI would have lost my head in that situation. (in that situation= if I had been in that situation ) 要是我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。4. but forBut for their help (=
9、 If it werent for their help), we could not get over the difficulties. 要不是他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。典题： Without electricity, human lifequite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be But for the storm, we earlier.A. will arrive B. should arrive C. arrived D. should have arrived五. 当wis
10、h引导的宾语从句表示不可能实现或难以实现的愿望时，从句的谓语根据时间情 况用虚拟结构。(注：在翻译 wish 的虚拟句时应使用符合汉语习惯表达“事与愿违”的一 些词语，如“可惜”，“悔不该” “要是该多好啊”等。)1. 与现在事实相反的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式，bewere要是他知道她的地址就好了。 典题 I wish she with us to share the joy.A. is B. will be C. were D. should be2与过去事实相反的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(即had+过去分词)我昨天要是看见你就好了。典题 How I wish I the
11、 rules without a mistake in last test.A. am able to say B. can be able to say C. had been able to D. should have been able to 3.与将来事实相反的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用would couldmight+动词原形或were to + 动词原形。我希望你能在这多呆一会 典题 I wish that I to attend the meeting next Monday.A. went B. could go C. should go D. might go六. 在woul
12、d rather后接that从句时，从句的谓语用虚拟结构。1. 表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式， be were .I would rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你告诉我实情。我宁愿你现在就回家。2. 表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成时。I would rather he had stayed at the hotel yesterday. 我真希望他昨天在那宾馆呆着。 我宁愿你前几天没看那场电影。典题 I would rather he next Saturday.A. will come B. would come C. came D
13、. comes 七在对过去应该做却没有做的事情表示责备的句子中，谓语 should have done 的虚拟结构。 You should have been here five minutes ago.你本应该5 分钟前就到这。关于这件事我们应该早点告诉你。八.在in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，用may might+动词原形(so that从句 中也可以用cancould+动词原形)表示虚拟语气。He got up early in the morning so that he could catch the first bus.He came ten mi
14、nutes earlier in order that he might get a good seat.九在It is (high) time (that )”句型中，that从句的谓语动词习惯上用过去式或should+ 动词原形”，但should不可以省略。表示早该做某事了”It is high time that you should make up your mind.你早该下定决心了。我们早该回家了。十.在if only开头的句子中，用虚拟语气。意思是要是该多好啊!”1. 表示现在，动词用过去式，be were。If only we had a car of our own. 我们要
15、是有一辆自己的车该多好啊!我要是知道答案该多好啊!典题 If only the photo missing!A. wasntB. werentC. would notD. doesnt2. 表示过去，动词用had+过去分词我的字典要是没丢该多好啊!我昨天要是看见她该多好啊!十由as if或as though引导的状语从句或表语从句，表示夸张的比喻或猜测时，按以下 三种情况采用适当的虚拟语气。1. 与现在事实相反，用动词过去式(bewere)He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep.It seems as if it were spring already.好像现在已经是春天似的。2. 与过去事实相反，用“ had+过去分词”的虚拟结构。His white hair looked as if it had been electrified.3. 与将来事实相反，用“ wouldmight+动词原形”的虚拟结构。She cries as if her heart would break. 她哭得心都要碎了。典题 He spoke as if he the truth.
