《高考英语专题三,形容词和副词.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语专题三,形容词和副词.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 专题三 形容词和副词一、形容词和副词的基本用法A形容词：就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如：1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。(形容词new作名词pen定语)2. These oranges taste _. (全国卷) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. (全国卷)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D.
2、 opening B副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. (副词heavily修饰谓语动词)Its a rather interesting job. (副词rather修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. (副词very修饰副词well)This is just what he said. (副词just修饰what he said)注：here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语
3、；here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. (here作表语)The people there were very kind to us. (副词there作定语，修饰people)二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid,
4、 alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, littl
5、e, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如：This is a medical school. (不说This school is medical. ) 三、形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国卷)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Stud
6、ents brave enough D. Students enough braveB表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important如：Is there anything important in the paper? 四、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词
7、+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. (辽宁卷)A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large GermanD. German large white 2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese
8、 ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (江苏卷)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代
9、词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. (重庆卷)A. all half his incomeB. his half all income C. half his all incomeD. all his half income2. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends
10、, and spent the _ days at the seaside. (全国卷)A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last五、副词在句中的位置规律 1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (全国
11、卷)A. so wellB. so good C. well enoughD. good enough2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough3. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful
12、and careless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enoughB. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如：She always gets up early. (副词always放在行为动词gets之前)She is seldom late for school. (副词seldom放在be动词之后)3) 表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常
13、放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (全国卷)A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner六、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词
14、通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。来源:学科网ZXXK1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get paren
15、ts _. (重庆卷)A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如： He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is interesting. 另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等的
