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1、新概念英语第二册语法精粹新概念语法精粹第一章 英语动词时态(Tenses)英语时态是英语语法中的第一道难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。英语各种时态构成表：以play为例：一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在play playsisam playing arehashave playedhashave been playing过去playedwas were playinghad playedhad been playing将来shall will playshallwill be playingshallwil
2、l have playedshallwill have been playing过去将来shouldwould playshouldwould be playingshouldwould have playedshouldwould have been playing一、一般现在时：1构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”，works，takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”carry carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es” goes dresses watches brushes 2功能：（1）表现在的
3、事实、状态或动作：eg: . Birds fly. . She loves music. . Marys parents get up very early. （2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，seldom，occasionally，frequently等时间副词连用。eg: . I always take a walk after supper. . She writes to me very often. . Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occa
4、sionally. （3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：. The earth moves round the sun. . The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. . Two and two makes four. . No man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。（4）表将来：A在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，so long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导
5、的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。（黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）例如： . Ill tell her when shecomes tomorrow. . Even ifit rains this afternoon, Ill meet you. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. （不错的句型，背下！）. Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go.（很感人的句型！）B按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。. The play begins at
6、6:30 this evening. . When does the plane take off? . He leaves for that city next week. . According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上 7 点出发。）测试精编1. The Browns _ a nice car and Browns brother _ a nice jeep. A. have / have B. has / has C.
7、 have / has D. has / have 2. If their house _ not like ours, what _ it look like? A. is / is B. is / does C. does / does D. does / is 3. - _ you think he will come? - If it _ tomorrow, he will not come. A. Do / rains B. Are / rains C. Do / will rain D. Are / will rain 4. The little child _ not even
8、know that the moon _ around the earth. A. do / move B. do / moves C. does / moves D. did / moved 5. Many a student _ fond of films, but a good student seldom _ to the cinema A. are / goes B. is / goes C. are / go D. is / go 二现在进行时：is / am / are + 现在分词1表示现在正在进行的动作。如. The kettle is boiling. Shall I ma
9、ke tea? . Dont you think you eat too much? Youre putting on weight（体重增加）。 . The workers are building a new bridge across the river. 2表现阶段正进行的动作。. He is taking physics this semester（本学期）。. Weare preparing for our final examination this week. 3go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, j
10、oin, etc. 用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。 . Look! The bus is coming.看！车来了！. The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. . Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.4与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。. He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。）. The boy is continually making
11、noises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）. The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）5下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。（此条戒律请背 10遍！）believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见） ，know（知道），understand （理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得），look（看起来）， seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有），s
12、ound（听起来），taste（尝起来）， require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心），like（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱）， detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆】： 永远不要说Im believing.或He is seeing a house. 再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing. 可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！ 注意：have a party / think about可以用进行时，因为这里have意为“举行”；think意为“考虑”。 测试精编：1. How can you _ If you are not
13、_ ? A. listening / hearing B. hear / listening C. be listening / heard D. be hearing / listening to 2.The girl even wont have her lunch before she _ her homework. A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes 3. Those who have applied for the post（职位）_ in the office.（此题超前）A. are being i
14、nterviewed B. are interviewing C. interviewing D. to be interviewing 4. The old scientist _ to do more for the country. A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes D. has been wished 5. If he _, dont wake him up. A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping C. still has been sleeping D. will be sleeping still 三一般过去时。定义动词的过去式：1表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。. We visited t
