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1、语法复习专题（3）Unit3 代词一、考点聚焦代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Does any of you know where Tom lives?Me.What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。Th
2、e thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her替代）作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack
3、and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(
4、口语)常用来泛指一般人。she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own=.of ones own句式的转换。（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at
5、home, make oneself understood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Lef
6、t to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。Im very angry with myself.生自己的气。4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或
7、表语等。（1）指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday.
8、 Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。（2）such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tal
9、l building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henr
10、y.询问职业或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoeve
11、r、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和
12、every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)Some like sports,others like music.(主语) Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)Do you have any que
13、stions to ask?(定语)I dont know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)some 用于否
14、定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one,both,allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself.One should try ones best to serve the peo
15、ple.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want.(表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语)We both are students.(同位语)注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a
