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1、well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act ac
2、cording to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essen
3、tially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a persons energy, mobilizing peoples enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system i
4、s still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. Three emphasis on to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both record a
5、nd potential performance; both subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both pragmatic enough, take another look at the retreat level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses hand
6、ing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation fin
7、dings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation cant take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the
8、 findings as on the cadres bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding infidelity. People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look,
9、from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the developme
10、nt of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and spe
11、eding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be人教版化学必修总复习资料第五章 物质结构 元素周期律教学目的1： 巩固学习原子结构和性质的关系 巩固学习元素周期表的结构教学课时：2.5课时知识体系 1原子结构和元素周期律知识的综合网络1. 原子结构（C） 原子的组成核外电子 e = Z原子核原 子质子 Z中子 N(AZ) 核电荷数（Z） = 核内质子数（Z） = 核外电子数 = 原子序数质量数（A）= 质子数（Z） 中子数（N）阴离子的核外电子数 = 质子数 电荷数（）阳离子的核外电子数 = 质子数
12、电荷数（） 区别概念：元素、核素、同位素元素：具有相同核电荷数（即质子数）的同一类原子的总称核素：具有一定数目的质子和一定数目的中子的一种原子同位素：质子数相同而中子数不同的同一元素的不同原子的互称；也就是说同一元素的不同核素之间互称为同位素。 元素的相对原子质量 同位素的相对原子质量：该同位素质量与12C质量的1/12的比值。 元素的相对原子质量等于各种同位素相对原子质量与它们在元素中原子所占百分数（丰度）乘积之和。即：元素的相对原子质量Ar = Ar1a% Ar2b% 核外电子的电子排布（了解） 核外电子运动状态的描述电子云（运动特征）：电子在原子核外空间的一定范围内高速、无规则的运动，不
13、能测定或计算出它在任何一个时刻所处的位置和速度，但是电子在核外空间一定范围内出现的几率（机会）有一定的规律，可以形象地看成带负电荷的云雾笼罩在原子核周围，我们把它称为电子云。电子层：在多个电子的原子里，根据电子能量的差异和通常运动的区域离核远近不同，把电子分成不同的能级，称之为电子层。电子能量越高，离核越远，电子层数也越大。电子层符号KLMNOPQ电子层序数n1234567离核远近近 远能量高低低 高 原子核外电子排布规律 每一层电子数最多不超过2n2 ；最外层电子数最多不超过8个，次外层电子数最多不超过18个，倒数第三层不超过32个；核外电子总是先占有能量最低的电子层，当能量最低的电子层排满
14、后，电子才依次进入能量较高的电子层。 原子结构示意图的书写2. 元素周期表（B） 元素周期表见课本封页 元素周期表的结构分解周期名称周期别名元素总数规律具有相同的电子层数而又按原子序数递增的顺序排列的一个横行叫周期。7个横行7个周期第1周期短周期2电子层数 = 周期数 （第7周期排满是第118号元素）第2周期8第3周期8第4周期长周期18第5周期18第6周期32第7周期不完全周期26（目前）族名类名核外最外层电子数规律周期表中有18个纵行，第8、9、10三个纵行为第族外，其余15个纵行，每个纵行标为一族。7个主族7个副族0族第族主族第A族H和碱金属1主族数 = 最外层电子数第A族碱土金属2第A族3第A族碳族元素4第A族氮族元素5第A族氧族元素6第A族卤族元素70族稀有气体2或8副族第B族、第B族、第B族、第B族、第B族、第B族、第B族、第族基础达标11原计划实现全球卫星通讯需发射77颗卫星，这与铱(Ir元素的原子核外电子数恰好相等,因此称为“铱星计划”。已知铱的一种同位素是19177Ir,则其核内的中子数是A.77B.286C.191D.1142分析发现，某陨石中含有半衰期极短的镁的一种放射性同位素28Mg，该同位素的原子核内的中子数是A12B14C16D183. Se是人体必需微量元素，下列关于说法正确的是 A互为同素异形体 B互为同位素C分别含有44和46个质子 D
