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1、专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案一、了解题型特点与设问方式一、了解题型特点与设问方式题型特点设问方式词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查。1要求根据阅读材料，结合应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或者熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思。2代词指代题也是词句猜测的常考题型该类题型常见的设问方式：The word“.”refers to/probably means“_”The underlined word“.”could best be replaced by_What do you think t
2、he expression“.”stands for?By saying“.”the author means_“.”as used in the passage，can best be defined as_Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”？第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案二、掌握二、掌握3大猜测词义技法大猜测词义技法为做好词句猜测题，应当熟练掌握普通高中英语课程标准规定的词汇，在日常学习、训练中注重积累生僻词汇和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对各种前缀、后缀的变化形式了然于胸；还应学会根据上下文语境进行
3、合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。下面介绍三种行之有效的猜词技巧，希望对学生提高阅读理解中词句猜测题的解题能力有所帮助。第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案技法(一)利用上下文线索猜测词义定义作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其是在一些科普类、社科类以及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词汇有i.e.、is、are、is/are called、mean、refer to、known as等典例(2021全国甲卷)Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，wh
4、ere the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont 第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell on
5、to the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”And thats what matteredlanding tricks，being a good skater.29What do the underlined words“Safe！Safe！Safe！”pr
6、obably mean?ABe careful！BWell done!CNo way！DDont worry！第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案解析根据本段中的And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.可知，作者将“Safe”定义为“cool”，即出色的；同时结合下文，在作者成功完成动作后，朋友们应该用“Safe”为作者喝彩。答案B第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案举例有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助学生理解该词的词义。此时常出现的信号词汇有：such as，such.as，for example，for instance，like，including
7、，especially等典例(2022新高考卷)“We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior，”said Flix WOrtiz，who pushed for the states 2001 ban on handheld devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law，”he said，“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”30What d
8、oes the underlined word“something”refer to?AAdvice.BData.CTests.DLaws.第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案解析根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior.(我们需要能改变人们的行为的书面上的东西。)”可知，something指的是能够改变人们的行为的东西。且根据下文中的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law，he said，people are going to be more afraid to
9、put their hands on the cell phone.”可知，当短信分析仪议案成为法律时，人们的行为才会改变。也就是说，只有当有可能受到法律的约束和惩罚时，司机才不会在开车时使用手机。故something指代的是法律。答案D第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案重述作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词汇有or、namely、that is、in other words、that is to say、to be more e
10、xact、to put in another way等典例(2021全国乙卷)Still，55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter(29%)rely only on their smartphones，according to a survey(调查)Of those Australians who still have a landline，a third concede that its not really 第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案necessary an
11、d theyre keeping it as a security blanket19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.25What does the underlined word“concede”mean?AAdmit.BArgue.CRemember.DRemark.解析画线词所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词又位于破折号之前，因此，须特别注意破折号后面的内容，破折号后
12、的内容一般是对上文的进一步解释说明。根据画线词所在句的下文可知，很多人保留座机是为了预防紧急情况，并有一部分人根本不用座机。画线词所在句是说，有三分之一的人承认座机不是必须要有的东西，他们将其作为一种心理安慰。因此concede意为“承认”。答案A第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案同义词或近义词有时，在画线单词或短语的前后会出现与之同义或近义的词汇，它往往暗示了相应词或短语的含义，这时就可以根据同义、近义的替代关系推知生词或短语的含义。同义词、近义词常见的信号词有and、or、like、as well、similarly、too、also、either等典例(2022全国乙卷)That inclu
13、des huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can b
14、e dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案29What does“maintenance”underlined refer to?APersonnel safety.BAssistance from drones.CInspection and repair.DConstruction of infrastructure.解析根据文段第一句的句意“那包括大幅节省maintenance的费用和更好地保护铁路人员安全”可知，A项不符合该处语境，故排除；文
15、段第二句两次出现了maintenance一词，下文提到了inspect and repair，由此可以推出，maintenance的含义就是inspect and repair。B项出现在选段最后一句，与maintenance关系不大，D项在选段中未出现，故排除B、D两项。答案C第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有(whether.)or、unlike、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、rath
16、er than、in contrast、on the contrary、on the other hand等典例(2022全国甲卷)Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge第四讲词句猜测题上下语境觅答案28Which of the following best explains“take the plunge”underlined?ATry challenging things.BTake a degree.CBring back lost memories.D
