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1、 39-大学英语语法-语法精简内容-总结版MicrosoftWord文档 39-大学英语语法-语法精简内容-总结版Microsoft Word 文档 1.Ihadnosoonerclosedthedoorthansomebodyknocked.2.Hardlywerethewordsutteredwhenhebegantoregretthem .用于hardly/scarcely.when;nosooner.than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句 用一般过去时。 Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomet
2、hanthetelephonerang. 3.有些单数形式的集体名词通常当作复数名词用。e.g.police,people,cattle,livestock.Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.4.某些集体名词，看做一个整体时做单数用，看做组成该集体的成员时，做复数用。e.g.audience,class,committee,crowd,family,group,majority,public,staff,team.Myfamilyisverylarge.Myfamilyarealltall.5.人名复数表示某一家人，动词用复数。Thewilsonsliveupsta
3、irs.6.单复数同形的名词做主语，要依据意义来打算动词。e.g.aircraft,deer,fish,means,species,sheep.Therearenumerousspeciesoffish.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.7.复数名词做专出名词，动词用单数。TheUnitedStatesisabigcountry限定词+名词做主语时的主谓全都 1.alotof,lotsof,plentyof等，+复数名词时动词用复数；+不行数名词时动词用单数。Plentyofeggsfalloutofthebasket.Plentyoftimehasbeenwasted.
4、2.many,several,few,afew,anumberof,these等+复数名词，动词用复数。Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth3.much,little,alittle,agreatdealof,alargeamountof,aquantityof等+不行数名词， 动词用单数。 Alargeamountofcashwasstolen.4.apairof+名词，动词用单数。ThispairoftrousersismadeinChina.5.manya/morethanone+单数名词表示复数含义，动词用单数。Manyamanhasmadethesamem
5、istake.6.定冠词+形容词做主语表示一类人时，动词用复数。Theoldarewelllookedafterbythegovernment.7.thenumberof+名词作主语，动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.8.数词+量度/时间/金钱作主语，动词用单数。Tenyearsisalongtime.Morethanonepersonhasfoundthekey.9.单数名词+with/alongwith/aswellas作主语，动词用单数。 JackyaswellashistwosisterswasinvitedtoattendNancyswedd
6、ingceremony. 10.or/eitheror/neithernor+名词/代词作主语，谓语符合就近原则。Neithertheprincipalnorhisassistantsaretoattendtheparty.11.notonlybutalso作主语，谓语就近。 Notonlyhiswifebutalsohischildrenhavearrived.12.and/bothand+两个名词作主语时，谓语用复数。Johnandhisfatherarewatchingtelevision.13.and+两个名词表同一事物，动词用单数。 Thedirectorandphotographe
7、rwaspresentattheShanghaiMovieFestival其他句式主谓全都 1.therebe句型中，be的单复数取决于紧跟其后的名词的单复数。Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.Thereisabook,twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk.2.不定式，动名词及从句作主语时，动词用单数。Seeingisbelieving.Whetherwegotogetherorseparatelydoesntmatter.Presentperfect现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的，已经完成并对现在造成影响的动作 2.常用的时间状语
8、有:already,yet,just,never,before,recently,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,for+时间段,since+时间点IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears. Ithasbeenalongtimesincetheylastmeteachother 3.表示第几次做某事，或在Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词that后 面跟现在完成时。 ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveevers
9、een.Simplepast（pastindefinitetense）一般过去时 1.表在过去某个特定时间发生的动作，或过去习惯性动作2.常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1945,atthattime,once,the otherday,afewdaysago,when,justnow WhenIwasachild,IoftenwenttoQingdaointhesummer 一般过去时和过去完成时的区分在于： 过去完成时强调一个动作完成后另一个动作才开头。 IcamehereafterIfinishedmiddleschool.(两个动作没间隔)Icam
10、ehereafterIhadfinishedmiddleschool.(强调先后概念)Whenshesangshesatdown.(表示唱着坐下) Whenshehadsungshesatdown.(表示唱完坐下)Simplefuture一般将来时 1.表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或状况。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in201*等表 示将来的时间状语连用 2.will/shall侧重于当时的反响或打算 Wewill/shallbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.3.begoingto表示准备要做的事或可能要发生的事。 Itisreportedt
11、hatthereisgoingtobeathunderstormtomorrow4.betodo表示必需、必定或规划将要做的事。Wearetomeetattheschoolgate. 5.beabouttodo表示很快就要发生的动作。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.6.一般现在时表将来7.现在进展时表将来被动语态的主要用法 5.let,make,hear,see,have等后面作宾语补语的不定式，在被动语态中须保存to。Theteachermademeanswermanyquestions.IwasmadetoanswermanyquestionsTh
12、eysaythatheisanhonestman.Itissaidthatheisanhonestman.Heissaidtobeanhonestman 留意：同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可e.g.Hemarriedarichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了。e.g.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl. 用should+动词原形的状况(should可省略)： 4.itis/was+adj.+that从句中： advisable,desirable,important,necessary,preferable,reasonable,urgent,pro
13、perE.g.Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediatemeasuresshouldbetaken.Withthesocietydevelopingveryfast,itsquiteurgentthatweshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer 5.itis+apity/ashame/nowonder后的主语从句中：E.g.Itsapitythatsheshouldmissthechance.Itisnowonderthatwebepresentatthediscussion. 6.itis+amazing/incredibl
14、e/odd/ridiculous/strange/surprising/unthinkable后的主语从句中，表示惊异，不满的语气： E.g.Itisridiculousthatheshouldbehavelikethat.还可以用should+have+ved： E.g.Itisverystrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.7.在目的和条件状语从句中： lest,incase,forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat,unless,supposing,provided,onconditionthatE.g.Wes
15、pokeinwhispersforfearthatweshouldwakethebaby.Lestyoushouldnothaveheardall,Ishallbeginatthebeginning. 1)were/过去式(对现在的假设)2)had+过去分词(对过去的假设) 3)would/could/might+动原(对将来的假设) 1.主+wish+that+从句主语+1)/2)/3): E.g.SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.Hedidntgototheparty,buthedoeswishhehadbeenthere.IwishIcouldremaincalmfacingtheenemy.2.ifonly+主+1)/2)/3):(要是就好了) e.g.Ifonlywestudentsdidnthavesomuchhomework!
