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1、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式 来表示。If I were you, I would go at onee.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实，虚拟语气）If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式一、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella
2、.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.lf I knew his telepho ne number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he s
3、tudied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）二、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：主语 +had done 主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+have done1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早至U那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had take n my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.女口果他听我的劝告的话，
4、就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）三、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：if+主语+were to do主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+do if+ 主语 +did/were 主语 +should/would/could/might+do if+ 主语 +should+do 主语+should/would/could/might+do1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.女口果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2.If there were a he
5、avy snow n ext Sun day, we would not go skat ing.女口果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Mon day, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。四、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生 时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实 不符。女口：If I had worked hard at schoo
6、l, I would be an engin eer, too.女口果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had in formed us, we would not come here now.女口果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。If he were free today, we would have se nt him to Beiji ng.女口果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯
7、定会去问候她了。五、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had时，if可以省略，这 时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于 书面语。女口：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he lear nt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如
8、果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短 语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条 件会暗含在短语中，如 without.,but for 等.But for his help, we would be worki ng now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your in structi on, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn t know his tele
9、phone number; otherwise we would have telepho ned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。七、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人 的一种强烈的感情。省略从句 He would have fin ished it.他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam.你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊。、用在wish后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反
10、的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比不上你）b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+do neeg:.I wish I had kn ow n the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would +动词原形eg. I wish I should have a cha nee aga in.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)(注：if only和as if/as thou
11、gh也有相同用法)用在目的状语从句中1. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should +动词原形。并且should不能省略She exam ined the door aga in for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / cou
12、ld / might / will / would / should +动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信 读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。其他用法1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. comma nd) 四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. re
13、quire. request. desire.insist) 中，无论主 句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should +动词原形”或只用 动 词原形”。He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher s advice.He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher s advice.He d ema nd that we (should) takethe teacher s advice.He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher s advice.i
14、nsist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚 拟语气。女口： He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为建议”才用虚拟语气，意为 暗示”则不用虚拟语气。女口： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、 impossible、natural、strange、surp
15、rising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 等。句型：It isthat +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。3、在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、 从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如:Eve n if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）Nobody could save him eve n though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）4、在 whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever ，however, no matter wh-word等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +动词原形。We will fin ish it on time no matter what may happe n.不管发生什么事，我们都要
