《电梯基础知识-2_电梯曳引机.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《电梯基础知识-2_电梯曳引机.doc（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、电梯基础知识Lift Know-howNo:Date:Page:Original:ITSA-TD-2044/012004/09/2716 of 2-162 电梯曳引机Traction machine曳引机是电梯的动力源（又称主机），通常由电动机、制动器、减速机和底座组成；是靠曳引钢丝绳与曳引轮的摩擦来实现轿厢运行的驱动机。曳引机又以电动机与曳引轮之间有无减速机区分为有齿轮曳引机和无齿轮曳引机两种。As power provider for lift, traction machine, also called main machine, is composed of motor, brake,
2、 geared machine and seat. It is a drive to make car move by means of the friction between traction rope and sheave. According to whether the geared machine is provided or not, it is classified into geared and gearless types.2-1有齿轮曳引机Geared traction machine有齿轮曳引机广泛用于运行速度v 2.0m/s的各种货梯、客梯、杂物梯。为了减小曳引机运行
3、时的噪音和提高平稳性，一般采用蜗轮副作减速传动装置。这种曳引机主要由曳引电动机、蜗轮、蜗杆、制动器、曳引绳轮、机座等构成，其外形如图2-1。Geared traction machineis widely used in cargo lift, passenger lift and service lift with speed of not more than 2.0m/s. To reduce working noise and enhance stability, worm gear is normally used as geared drive. Such machine is co
4、mposed of motor, worm, gear, brake, rope and seat, as shown is figure 2-1.电梯的载荷、运行速度等主要参数取决于曳引机的电机功率和转速，蜗轮与蜗杆的模数和减速比，曳引轮的直径和绳槽数，以及曳引比（曳引方式）等。采用有齿轮曳引机的电梯，其运行速度与曳引机的减速比、曳引轮直径、曳引比、曳引电动机的转速之间的关系可用以下公式表示：Main parameters, such as lift load and speed are determined by Hp and speed of traction machine, worm
5、 and gear numbers, gear ratio, diameter of traction machine, rope grooves and traction ratio (traction mode). For lifts adopting geared traction machine, the relationship between lift speed, traction gear ratio, traction machine diameter, traction motor speed is as follows: 式中：Where:v 电梯的运行速度（m/s） v
6、 lift speed （m/s）D 曳引绳轮直径（m） D diameter of traction machine（m）N 曳引电动机转速(r/min) N motor speed (r/min) y 曳引比（曳引方式） y traction ratio（traction mode） j 减速比 j gear ratio 例：For example: 由一台电梯，其曳引轮的绳轮直径为0.8m，电动机转速1500r/min，减速比为533，曳引比为21，求电梯的运行速度？Given the fact that sheave diameter of traction sheave is 0.8
7、m, motor speed is 1500r/min, reduction ratio is 53:3, gear ratio is 2:1, what is lift speed?解：已知 D=0.8m，N=1000r/min, y=2/1, j=53/3 代入式2-1得： From the given conditions, we learn that D=0.8m，N=1000r/min, y=2/1, j=53/3. According to above mentioned formula, we can calculate that： 曳引电动机是驱动电梯上下运动的动力源，其运行工
8、况比较复杂。运行过程中需频繁的起动、制动、正转、反转，而且负载变化很大，经常工作在重复短时状态、电动状态、再生制动状态的情况下。因此，要求曳引电机不但应能适应频繁起、制动的要求，而且起动电流小，起动力矩大，机械特性硬，噪声小，当供电电压在标准波动范围内变化时，还能正常起动和运行。因此电梯用曳引电动机是专用电机。由于曳引电动机的工作情况比较复杂，所以对电机功率的计算比较麻烦，一般常用以下公式计算：As power provider for lift movement, traction machine features complicated operation procedures, amon
9、g which is involved with frequent start-up, brake, clockwise and counterclockwise rotation. Due to constantly changing load, working status of traction machine is characteristic of repetitious short time operation, electrical control and regeneration. Therefore, with low start-up current, large star
10、t-up torque, mechanically rigid features and low noise, it is required that traction machine should not only be adapted for frequent start-up, brake, but also start up and function well when power oltage fluctuates within normal range. Being special machine for lift, traction machine is characterist
11、ic of complicated operation, whose Hp can be calculated through following formula: 式中：Where:P 曳引电机轴功率(kw) P shaft Hp of traction machine (kw) G 电梯轿厢额定载重量(kg) G rated load of car (kg) 电梯平衡系数 offsetting coefficient 电梯的机械总效率 total mechanical efficiency v 电梯的运行速度（m/s） v lift speed（m/s） 采用有齿轮曳引机的电梯，若蜗轮副为
12、阿基米德齿形时，电梯机械总效率取0.50.55；采用无齿轮曳引机的电梯，电梯机械总效率取0.750.8。For lift with geared traction machine, if worm gear is Archimedes type, total mechanical efficiency ranges from 0.5 to 0.55; for lift with gearless traction machine, total mechanical efficiency ranges from 0.75 to 0.8.例：有一台额定载重量为2000kg，额定运行速度为0.5m/
13、s的交流双速电梯，曳引机的蜗轮副采用阿基米德齿形，电动机的额定转速为960r/min，求电机的功率应为多少（kw）?For example: For an AC two-speed lift whose rated load is 2000kg and rated speed is 0.5m/s, worm gear is Archimedes type, rated speed of motor is 960r/min, what is hp of motor?解：已知：，代入式2-2得：According to G = 2000kg, = 0.5，v = 0.5m/s，= 0.5, we
14、can calculate by inputting given values. 有齿轮曳引机的电机有交流的也有直流的。W191曳引机的电机为交流变频电动机。目前，除涡轮蜗杆减速机外，还有斜齿轮传动和行星齿轮传动两种形式的减速机。Geared traction machine is classified into AC and DC types. W191 traction machine is AC frequency-variable motor. Currently, besides worm geared machine, bevel and star geared machines
15、are also available.2-2 无齿轮曳引机Gearless traction machine无齿轮曳引机用于运行速度v2.0m/s的高速电梯上。这种曳引机的曳引轮紧固在曳引电动机轴上，没有机械减速装置，整机结构比较简单。曳引电动机是专为电梯设计和制造的，能适应电梯运行工作特点，具有良好调速性能的直流电动机或交流变频电动机。Gearless traction machine is used in lifts with speed of more than 2.0m/s. With traction sheave fixed in motor shaft, this traction machine is simple in structure without any mechanical geared ma
