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1、UNIT ONE: CustomsNote on the topic:This topic on customs serves to raise students awareness that it is important to be sensitive to the similarities and differences that exist among the different peoples and cultures of the world. The passage on The Art of Gift-Giving is a practical and easy-to-unde
2、rstand way of pointing out that we all do things differently depending on our beliefs, religions and cultures. One major purpose in this unit is to demonstrate that a text will be more digestible when the reader relates what is in the text to his or her own knowledge and experience.Before you readSt
3、udents will, of course, come up with a wide variety of answers and ideas in this section. When the pairs of students have had sufficient time to think of responses to all the questions, the class could come back together and compare their ideas. The board could be used to collect the ideas together.
4、 Some possible responses that students might make are given below:Why do people give gifts to each other?People give gifts to each other for many different reasons. Some of them are:to show their appreciation, to thank someone, to celebrate a special occasion and to welcome someone.Do you ever give
5、gifts to people? Why/why not?These two questions will help the students to think about gift-giving before they read the passage. This is a good opportunity to find out how students personally feel about gift-giving. There is no right or wrong answer here. What gifts do you often give and what gifts
6、do you never give?This will show you whether the students are aware of the dos and donts of giving gifts in their own cultures or in different contexts. Again there is no right or wrong answer here.Have you ever received an inappropriate gift? What do you think people should do or say when they rece
7、ive an inappropriate gift?Here you might get to find out whatever taboos the students have concerning gifts and also whether they realise that there is always a place and time for everything, and so it is the same with gifts. Generally, people would not say outright that the gift is not appropriate.
8、 Instead they will accept the gift and say “Thank you” so as not to embarrass the gift-giver.Further information on the text:p. 3 line 16: ChristmasChristmas is celebrated by most Christians on December 25th each year. This is the date when Jesus was said to have been born and so many Christians go
9、to church that day. It is now an international celebration in many ways. It is traditionally a day of feasting when people in Britain ate pork and, more recently, turkey (which came from North America), with lots of vegetables and side dishes. Christmas pudding and Christmas cake are also very popul
10、ar in both North America and Europe around this time of year both are quite rich in taste and heavy to eat. From the middle of the 19th century people began to send each other Christmas cards (and more recently emails) as special greetings. Other Christmas traditions came from other cultures to the
11、English-speaking countries: the custom of having decorated fir trees in the home, as Christmas trees, came from Germany; the character of Santa Claus, or Father Christmas, came from Holland. The widespread custom of gift-giving at Christmas time recalls the story of wise men who gave the baby Jesus
12、some gifts.p. 3 line 17: RamadanIn the Muslim lunar calendar the month of Ramadan is a month of fasting. This means that Muslims do not eat or drink during the hours of daylight. Muslims therefore eat before dawn and break their fast (breakfast is the first meal after not eating for a while) at nigh
13、t during this special month. As the lunar month is 28 days (in contrast to the solar month of 30 or 31 days used in the Western calendar), Ramadan is on slightly different dates each year - in relation to the Western calendar - and so it can occur at different seasons of the year. Fasting in hot cli
14、mates during the summer or hot season can therefore be quite demanding. Ramadan is also a time for special prayers and study and reflection on the Holy Book the Quran. The end of Ramadan is a festival when people go to the mosque, celebrate with special food and, in modern times, send greetings card
15、s.p. 3 line 32: In Arabic countries giving anything with the left handIn Muslim tradition, the right is generally used to represent good (the right path) while the left often symbolises evil (the wrong path). If Muslims use their hands for eating, they will use their right hand. Similarly, presentin
16、g or receiving gifts will preferably be with the right hand. This may not be exclusively an Islamic tradition, however; the English word sinister, meaning threatening to do harm or something evil, came to English from Latin and Romance languages, where it means left hand. (See page 8, number 3)Words to noteFind the words in column A below in the text and try to work out their meanings fr
