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1、28个辅音音标、20个元音音标元音（20个）长元音 /:/ /:/ / :/ /i:/ /U:/ 短元音 / / / / / / /e/ / /e/ /a/ / 双元音 / /e/ / / /a/ 辅音（28个）轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ / /s/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/轻辅音 / / h/ /ts/ /t/ /tr/ 浊辅音 / / r/ /dz/ /d/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ / 半元音 / j/ / w/ 边音 / /字 母 读 音 字 母 读 音大写 小写 大写 小写A a /ei/ N n /en/B b /bi:/ O o /u
2、/C c /si:/ P p /pi:/D d /di:/ Q q /kju:/E e /i:/ R r /:/F f /ef/ S s /es/G g /dVi:/ T t /ti:/H h /eitF/ U u /ju:/I i /ai/ V v /vi:/J j /dVei/ W w /dQblju:/K k /kei/ X x /eks/L l /el/ Y y /wai/M m /em/ Z z /zed/单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keepee /i:/ sleep deep feetea /i:/ read
3、 eat meal单元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym位于词尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility单元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tellea /e/ dead, heaven, fea
4、ther单元音/A/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact闭音节中的 a /A/ bad, lad, rat, cab单元音 /:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn passar /:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm单元音 /R/ lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock闭音节中的o /R/ hot, got, not, lost, on, soft/R:/ tall fall
5、 wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thoughtor /R:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, beforea(+ll或lk) /R:/ all, fall, talk, walkaw /R:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw单元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot wouldu /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushionoo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroomou /u/ could
6、, would, should单元音 /u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose newoo /u:/ fool, booth, room, foodou /u:/ soup, you, groupo /u:/ do, to, who/Q/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck闭音节中的u /Q/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck闭音节中的o /Q/ son, once, colour, other, moneyou /Q/ rough, enough, touc
7、h, cousin, young单元音 /:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curseer /:/ herd, verb, mercyir /:/ thirty, shirt, third, firur /:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curseor /:/ word, work, world, worseear /:/ heard, earth, search单元音 / ago about asleep above again among mother brother许多元音在非重读章节中读成/，所以/的拼
8、写形式多种多样。如：about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spadea /ei/ save, face, paleay /ei/ day, pay, mayai /ei/ wait, fail, straitea /ei/ break, great双元音 /u/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soulo /u/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, Octoberoa /u/
9、coat, soap, boat, road, coastow /u/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine alike开音节中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fineigh /ai/ high, might, night, light, brighty /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, replyie /ai/ eye, dye, bye双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down
10、house brown foundou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouseow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how双元音 /Ri/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toiloi /Ri/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noiseoy /Ri/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer双元音 /i/ ear here fear hear d
11、ear pier tear near really ideaear /i/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beardea /i/ idea, real, theatreere /i/ here, mere, severeeer /i/ beer, queer, engineer双元音 /e/ care wear hair there fair share careful careless various repair squeareare /e/ care, share, fare, hareair /e/ air, fair, chair双元音 /u/ tour sure
12、poor pure cure curious tourist dualur /u/ cure, pure, fury, curious英语辅音英语辅音分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p,t,k,f,s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b,d,g,v,z/。英语辅音可分为以下几种：爆破音 /p,b,t,d,k,g/。/p,b/发音形成的部位是由双唇形成阻碍，使气流短时间内不能通过，气流克服阻碍冲出口腔发出此音。/t,d/是由舌尖与上齿龈形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。/k,g/是由舌后部抵住软颚形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。摩擦音 /f,v,W,T,s,z
13、,F,V,h,r/是指唇、舌与齿或者上颚的某些部位接近形成间隙，气流通过时产生摩擦的音是摩擦音。破擦音 /tF,dV,tr,dr,ts,dz/鼻音 /m,n,N/边音 /l,/半元音 /j,w/英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p,b/，/t,d/，/k,g/，/f,v/。英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/N/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/ 没有对应的清辅音，/h/ 没有对应的浊辅音。/W/ north south throw health think thing mouth在名词中的 th /W/ bath, breath, cloth, north, south
14、, worth/T/ then though this that these those batheth /T/ this, that, there, those, mother, father在动词中的 th /T/ bathe, breathe, clothe在形容词中的 th /T/ northern, southern, worthy/n/ thin ban ran run nag not new now near/N/ thing bang rang rung ring king wing pingpongng /N/ morning, singer, singing, spring, wrong, tongue, long/l/ low light line collect slow late lot left less nearly字母l有时不发音，如：could, should, talk, walk, half
