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1、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。 二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个
2、女孩吗? 例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 例 3. This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方。 例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。 例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having ma
3、rket day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。 析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 三、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害
4、了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 四、关系词的使用情
5、况有所不同 (一) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。 例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。 误: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。 误
6、: He didnt pass the exam, that disappointed me. 正: He didnt pass the exam, which disappointed me. 值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 引导非限制性定语从句。 例 1. Well graduate in J
7、uly, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。 例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。 (二)关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 析:先行词
8、the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom . 例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。 析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom . 在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom . 例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。 误: She has a s
9、ister, that is a teacher. 正: She has a sister, who is teacher. (三)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 析:先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢了这
10、本书,但现在已找到了。 析:先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省。 实战演练 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. Have you ever been to Xian, _ I left ten years ago. A. which B. whose C. that D. / 3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more
11、than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 4. His English, _ used to be very poor is now excellent. A. which B. that C. it D . whom 5. Some of the roads were flooded, _ makes o ur journey more difficult. A. that B. it C. which D. who 6. Ill find a nice girl, _ I want to marry. A. who B. wh
12、om C. that D. which 7. Ill come at ten, _ Ill be free. A. which B. that C. when D. what 8. She has two brothers, _ are teachers. A. who B. that C. whom D. / 9. Which answer is NOT true? This is the factory _ I visited yesterday. A. that B. which C. / D. where 10. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing. A. when B. what C. that D. during Key: 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
