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1、动词的时态和语态-How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? -Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms.(2014江苏） A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered一般现在时 1. 表经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用，如every,sometimes, on Sunday 等。 2. 表客观真理和科学事实。The earth moves around the sun .The
2、teacher told us the earth _around the sun . 3.用于条件，时间，让步状语从句中，主将从现。 I will go with you as soon as I _(finish) my work .Whatever you_ (say), I will not change my mind. 4.用于文学作品和文学评论中。According to the literary review, Shakespeare _his characters live through their language in his plays. A. will make B
3、. had made C. was making D. makes 5.表示预计或规定 6.方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词时，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作基础再练 Ill go there after I_ (finish) my work. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take) My train _(leave )at 6:30. A snow _(expect) to come next week. On the wall _(hang) a picture. This kin
4、d of cloth _(wash ) well. Dont take it away. It _ (belong) to me. He said water _(boil) at 100C 二.一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在毫无关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday，just now, last year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 现在完成时则 表示：1）一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去），常用的时间状语有lately, in the last / past few day
5、s, since then, so far 等。 2）过去的动作对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already, just, never, before 等。cf: He served in the army from 1954to 1959. He has served in the army for 5 years. He wrote many plays when he was at college. He has written many plays. A: He has lived in London for 3 years. He lived in London for 3 year
6、s. B: Its two years since he smoked. Its two years since he began to smoke.C: He was writing a book last year. He wrote a book last year.1 .-How was the journey? -Tiring! All the seats in the train _ . I stood all the way. A. were occupied B. would be occupied C. would occupy D. has occupied 2. He w
7、orks in China now, but he _in Africa for eight years. A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. has been working 3. -Look! Somebody _the sofa. -Well,it wasnt me . I didnt do it. A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 基础再练1.-I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from c
8、ollage? - Yes, I _(study ) English for four years in Nanjing University.2. Where _you _ (put ) my book? I cant find it any where.3. Although he has lived with us for years, he _( not leave ) us much impression .4. My brother is an actor. He _(appear ) in several films in the past few years. 5. -Li p
9、ing may not come tonight. -But he _(promise).三. 一般将来时1） will /shall will 用于各种人称，表现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，还可表必然趋势，临时决定等。Shall 只用于第一人称。2）be going to do 表计划或打算要做某事，还可表示根据现在迹象对未来进行推测。3）be about to do 表立即的将来，因此不与将来的具体的时间状语连用。4）be to do 表按计划或安排要做的事，意为应该，想，打算，注定会。 5）有些动词如 come, go, arrive, leave, begin 等，其一般现在时
10、，现在进行时亦可表按计划，安排将要发生的动作或状态。基础再练 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your safety belt. The plane _( take ) off. Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 _(take) off at 18:20. If you _(succeed) ,you should work hard. Look at the dark clouds. It _(rain) -The light is still on . - Sorry. I _(go ) and turn it o
11、ff. 四. 过去完成时与将来完成时1.过完表一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事先于它发生，即过去的过去。常用的时间状语有by then, by that time, by the end of ,before 2000, hardly / scarcely /rarely when, no sooner than 2.表意向的动词如hope ,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，常用过完表“原本 而未能”I had hoped/expected/meant /intendedto do ,but=I hoped /expectedto hav
12、e done but =I would like /love to have done but =I was to have done /I was going to do /I would have done but 3. 将完 到将来某一时间，某动作将会完成。其结构为will have done .常用的时间状语 为by +将来的某个时间基础再练 Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come )home. I _(hope) to meet Mr.Thompson this
13、 morning, but I found nobody left in room. By the time he _(return ) home, the work had been finished. By the time he returns home, the work _(finish). We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July ,and by then we _(walk ) for six weeks. 五. 现进、过进、现在完成进行时、将来完成进行时 现在进行时表示：1） (目前现阶段）正在进行的情况。 2） 表反复出现的动作，
14、往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly 连用。 3）表渐变的动词如get, grow, become, turn ,run, go , begin 等常用进行时表动作的逐渐变化。 不用于进行时的动词： 1)事实状态的词：have ,belong, possess, exist, 等 2)心理状态的词：know, think, realize, believe, want,等 3）系动词：seem, remain, smell, feel, 等。 过去进行时表过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行。常用的时间状语如：the whole morning, all day yeste
